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Kyle Wickert explains how organizations can balance the need to modernize their networks without compromising security For businesses of... Digital Transformation Modernizing your infrastructure without neglecting security Kyle Wickert 2 min read Kyle Wickert Short bio about author here Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur. Vitae donec tincidunt elementum quam laoreet duis sit enim. Duis mattis velit sit leo diam. Tags Share this article 8/19/21 Published Kyle Wickert explains how organizations can balance the need to modernize their networks without compromising security For businesses of all shapes and sizes, the inherent value in moving enterprise applications into the cloud is beyond question. The ability to control computing capability at a more granular level can lead to significant cost savings, not to mention the speed at which new applications can be provisioned. Having a modern cloud-based infrastructure makes businesses more agile, allowing them to capitalize on market forces and other new opportunities much quicker than if they depended on on-premises, monolithic architecture alone. However, there is a very real risk that during the goldrush to modernized infrastructures, particularly during the pandemic when the pressure to migrate was accelerated rapidly, businesses might be overlooking the potential blind spot that threatens all businesses indiscriminately, and that is security. One of the biggest challenges for business leaders over the past decade has been managing the delicate balance between infrastructure upgrades and security. Our recent survey found that half of organizations who took part now run over 41% of workloads in the public cloud, and 11% reported a cloud security incident in the last twelve months. If businesses are to succeed and thrive in 2021 and beyond, they must learn how to walk this tightrope effectively. Let’s consider the highs and lows of modernizing legacy infrastructures, and the ways to make it a more productive experience. What are the risks in moving to the cloud? With cloud migration comes risk. Businesses that move into the cloud actually stand to lose a great deal if the process isn’t managed effectively. Moreover, they have some important decisions to make in terms of how they handle application migration. Do they simply move their applications and data into the cloud as they are as a ‘lift and shift’, or do they seek to take a more cloud-native approach and rebuild applications in the cloud to take full advantage of its myriad benefits? Once a business has started this move toward the cloud, it’s very difficult to rewind the process and unpick mistakes that may have been made, so planning really is critical. Then there’s the issue of attack surface area. Legacy on-premises applications might not be the leanest or most efficient, but they are relatively secure by default due to their limited exposure to external environments. Moving said applications onto the cloud has countless benefits to agility, efficiency, and cost, but it also increases the attack surface area for potential hackers. In other words, it gives bots and bad actors a larger target to hit. One of the many traps that businesses fall into is thinking that just because an application is in the cloud, it must be automatically secure. In fact, the reverse is true unless proper due diligence is paid to security during the migration process. The benefits of an app-centric approach One of the ways in which AlgoSec helps its customer master security in the cloud is by approaching it from an app-centric perspective. By understanding how a business uses its applications, including its connectivity paths through the cloud, data centers and SDN fabrics, we can build an application model that generates actionable insights such as the ability to create policy-based risks instead of leaning squarely on firewall controls. This is of particular importance when moving legacy applications onto the cloud. The inherent challenge here is that a business is typically taking a vulnerable application and making it even more vulnerable by moving it off-premise, relying solely on the cloud infrastructure to secure it. To address this, businesses should rank applications in order of sensitivity and vulnerability. In doing so, they may find some quick wins in terms of moving modern applications into the cloud that have less sensitive data. Once these short-term gains are dealt with, NetSecOps can focus on the legacy applications that contain more sensitive data which may require more diligence, time, and focus to move or rebuild securely. Migrating applications to the cloud is no easy feat and it can be a complex process even for the most technically minded NetSecOps. Automation takes a large proportion of the hard work away and enables teams to manage cloud environments efficiently while orchestrating changes across an array of security controls. It brings speed and accuracy to managing security changes and accelerates audit preparation for continuous compliance. Automation also helps organizations overcome skills gaps and staffing limitations. We are likely to see conflict between modernization and security for some time. On one hand, we want to remove the constraints of on-premises infrastructure as quickly as possible to leverage the endless possibilities of cloud. On the other hand, we have to safeguard against the opportunistic hackers waiting on the fray for the perfect time to strike. By following the guidelines set out in front of them, businesses can modernize without compromise. To learn more about migrating enterprise apps into the cloud without compromising on security, and how a DevSecOps approach could help your business modernize safely, watch our recent Bright TALK webinar here . Alternatively, get in touch or book a free demo . Schedule a demo Related Articles 2025 in review: What innovations and milestones defined AlgoSec’s transformative year in 2025? AlgoSec Reviews Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Navigating Compliance in the Cloud AlgoSec Cloud Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read 5 Multi-Cloud Environments Cloud Security Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Speak to one of our experts Speak to one of our experts Work email* First name* Last name* Company* country* Select country... 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Prof. Avishai Wool discusses the complexities of mergers and acquisitions for application management and how organizations can securely... Security Policy Management Managing network connectivity during mergers and acquisitions Prof. Avishai Wool 2 min read Prof. Avishai Wool Short bio about author here Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur. Vitae donec tincidunt elementum quam laoreet duis sit enim. Duis mattis velit sit leo diam. Tags Share this article 7/22/21 Published Prof. Avishai Wool discusses the complexities of mergers and acquisitions for application management and how organizations can securely navigate the transition It comes as no surprise that the number of completed Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As) dropped significantly during the early stages of the pandemic as businesses closed ranks and focused on surviving rather than thriving. However, as we start to find some reprieve, many experts forecast that we’ll see an upturn in activity. In fact, by the end of 2020, M&A experienced a sudden surge and finished the year with only a 3% decline on 2019 levels. Acquiring companies is more than just writing a cheque. There are hundreds of things to consider both big and small, from infrastructure to staffing, which can make or break a merger. With that in mind, what do businesses need to do in order to ensure a secure and successful transition? When two worlds collide For many businesses, a merger or acquisition is highly charged. There’s often excitement about new beginnings mixed with trepidation about major business changes, not least when it comes to IT security. Mergers and acquisitions are like two planets colliding, each with their own intricate ecosystem. You have two enterprises running complex IT infrastructures with hundreds if not thousands of applications that don’t just simply integrate together. More often than not they perform replicated functions, which implies that some need to be used in parallel, while others need to be decommissioned and removed. This means amending, altering, and updating thousands of policies to accommodate new connections, applications, servers, and firewalls without creating IT security risks or outages. In essence, from an IT security perspective, a merger or acquisition is a highly complicated project that, if not planned and implemented properly, can have a long-term impact on business operations. Migrating and merging infrastructures One thing a business will need before it can even start the M&A process is an exhaustive inventory of all business applications spanning both businesses. An auto-discovery tool can assist here, collecting data from any application that is active on the network and adding it to a list. This should allow the main business to create a map of network connectivity flows which will form the cornerstone of the migration from an application perspective. Next comes security. A vulnerability assessment should be carried across both enterprise networks to identify any business-critical applications that may be put at risk. This assessment will give the main business the ability to effectively ‘rank’ applications and devices in terms of risk and necessity, allowing for priority lists to be created. This will help SecOps focus their efforts on crucial areas of the business that contain sensitive customer data, for instance. By following these steps you’ll get a clear organizational view of the entire enterprise environment and be able to identify and map all the critical business applications, linking vulnerabilities and cyber risks to specific applications and prioritize remediation actions based on business-driven needs. The power of automation While the steps outlined above will give you with an accurate picture of your IT topology and its business risk, this is only the first half of the story. Now you need to update security policies to support changes to business applications. Automation is critical when it comes to maintaining security during a merger or acquisition. An alarming number of data breaches are due to firewall misconfigurations, often resulting from attempts to change policies manually in a complex network environment. This danger increases with M&A, because the two merging enterprises likely have different firewall setups in place, often mixing traditional with next-generation firewalls or firewalls that come from different vendors. Automation is therefore essential to ensure the firewall change management process is handled effectively and securely with minimal risk of misconfigurations. Achieving true Zero-Touch automation in the network security domain is not an easy task but over time, you can let your automation solution run handsfree as you conduct more changes and gain trust through increasing automation levels step by step. Our Security Management Solution enables IT and security teams to manage and control all their security devices – from cloud controls in public clouds, SDNs, and on-premise firewalls from one single console. With AlgoSec you can automate time-consuming security policy changes and proactively assess risk to ensure continuous compliance. It is our business-driven approach to security policy management that enables organizations to reduce business risk, ensure security and continuous compliance, and drive business agility. Maintaining security throughout the transition A merger or acquisition presents a range of IT challenges but ensuring business applications can continue to run securely throughout the transition is critical. If you take an application centric approach and utilize automation, you will be in the best position for the merger/migration and will ultimately drive long term success. To learn more or speak to one of our security experts, schedule your personal demo . Schedule a demo Related Articles 2025 in review: What innovations and milestones defined AlgoSec’s transformative year in 2025? AlgoSec Reviews Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Navigating Compliance in the Cloud AlgoSec Cloud Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read 5 Multi-Cloud Environments Cloud Security Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Speak to one of our experts Speak to one of our experts Work email* First name* Last name* Company* country* Select country... Short answer* By submitting this form, I accept AlgoSec's privacy policy Schedule a call

The Web application and service business loves containers, but they present a security challenge. Prevasio has the skills and experience... Cloud Security Don’t Neglect Runtime Container Security Rony Moshkovich 2 min read Rony Moshkovich Short bio about author here Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur. Vitae donec tincidunt elementum quam laoreet duis sit enim. Duis mattis velit sit leo diam. Tags Share this article 9/21/20 Published The Web application and service business loves containers, but they present a security challenge. Prevasio has the skills and experience to meet the challenge. Its runtime scanning technology and techniques will let you avoid the serious risks of vulnerable or compromised containers. The very thing that makes Docker containers convenient — their all-in-one, self-contained structure — makes them opaque to traditional security tests. Instances come and go as needed, sometimes deleting themselves within seconds. This scalable and transient nature isn’t amenable to the usual tools. Prevasio’s approach is specifically designed to analyze and test containers safely, finding any problems before they turn into security incidents. The container supply chain Container images put together code from many sources. They include original source or binary code, application libraries,language support, and configuration data. The developer puts them all together and delivers the resulting image. A complex container has a long supply chain,and many things can go wrong. Each item in the image could carry a risk. The container developer could use buggy or outdated components, or it could use them improperly. The files it imports could be compromised. A Docker image isn’t a straightforward collection of files, like a gzip file. An image may be derived from another image. Extracting all its files and parameters is possible but not straightforward. Vulnerabilities and malicious actions We can divide container risks into two categories: vulnerabilities and malicious code. Vulnerabilities A vulnerability unintentionally introduces risk. An outsider can exploit them to steal information or inflict damage. In a container, they can result from poor-quality or outdated components. The building process for a complex image is hard to keep up to date. There are many ways for something to go wrong. Vulnerability scanners don’t generally work on container images. They can’t find all the components. It’s necessary to check an active container to get adequate insight. This is risky if it’s done in a production environment. Container vulnerabilities include configuration weaknesses as well as problems in code. An image that uses a weak password or unnecessarily exposes administrative functions is open to attacks. Malicious code Malware in a container is more dangerous than vulnerabilities. It could intrude at any point in the supply chain. The developer might receive a compromised version of a runtime library. A few unscrupulous developers put backdoors into code that they ship. Sometimes they add backdoors for testing purposes and forget to remove them from the finished product. The only way to catch malware in a container is by its behavior. Monitoring the network and checking the file system for suspicious changes will discover misbehaving code. The Prevasio solution Security tools designed for statically loaded code aren’t very helpful with containers. Prevasio has created a new approach that analyzes containers without making any assumptions about their safety. It loads them into a sandboxed environment where they can’t do any harm and analyzes them.The analysis includes the following: Scanning of components for known vulnerabilities Automated pen-test attacks Behavioral analysis of running code Traffic analysis to discover suspicious data packets Machine learning to identify malicious binaries The analysis categorizes an image as benign,vulnerable, exploitable, dangerous, or harmful. The administrator looks at agraph to identify any problems visually, without digging through logs. They can tell at a glance whether an image is reasonably safe to run, needs to be sent back for fixes, or should be discarded on the spot. If you look at competing container security solutions, you’ll find that the key is runtime technology. Static analysis, vulnerability scans, and signature checking won’t get you enough protection by themselves. Prevasio gives you the most complete and effective checking of container images, helping you to avoid threats to your data and your business. Schedule a demo Related Articles 2025 in review: What innovations and milestones defined AlgoSec’s transformative year in 2025? AlgoSec Reviews Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Navigating Compliance in the Cloud AlgoSec Cloud Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read 5 Multi-Cloud Environments Cloud Security Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Speak to one of our experts Speak to one of our experts Work email* First name* Last name* Company* country* Select country... Short answer* By submitting this form, I accept AlgoSec's privacy policy Schedule a call

Enterprises are embracing cloud platforms to drive innovation, enhance operational efficiency, and gain a competitive edge. Cloud... Hybrid Cloud Security Management Securing Cloud-Native Environments: Containerized Applications, Serverless Architectures, and Microservices Malcom Sargla 2 min read Malcom Sargla Short bio about author here Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur. Vitae donec tincidunt elementum quam laoreet duis sit enim. Duis mattis velit sit leo diam. Tags Share this article 9/6/23 Published Enterprises are embracing cloud platforms to drive innovation, enhance operational efficiency, and gain a competitive edge. Cloud services provided by industry giants like Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Azure, AWS, IBM, and Oracle offer scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness that make them an attractive choice for businesses. One of the significant trends in cloud-native application development is the adoption of containerized applications, serverless architectures, and microservices. While these innovations bring numerous benefits, they also introduce unique security risks and vulnerabilities that organizations must address to ensure the safety of their cloud-native environments. The Evolution of Cloud-Native Applications Traditionally, organizations relied on on-premises data centers and a set of established security measures to protect their critical applications and data. However, the shift to cloud-native applications necessitates a reevaluation of security practices and a deeper understanding of the challenges involved. Containers: A New Paradigm Containers have emerged as a game-changer in the world of cloud-native development. They offer a way to package applications and their dependencies, ensuring consistency and portability across different environments. Developers appreciate containers for their ease of use and rapid deployment capabilities, but this transition comes with security implications that must not be overlooked. One of the primary concerns with containers is the need for continuous scanning and vulnerability assessment. Developers may inadvertently include libraries with known vulnerabilities, putting the entire application at risk. To address this, organizations should leverage container scanning tools that assess images for vulnerabilities before they enter production. Tools like Prevasio’s patented network sandbox provide real-time scanning for malware and known Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs), ensuring that container images are free from threats. Continuous Container Monitoring The dynamic nature of containerized applications requires continuous monitoring to ensure their health and security. In multi-cloud environments, it’s crucial to have a unified monitoring solution that covers all services consistently. Blind spots must be eliminated to gain full control over the cloud deployment. Tools like Prevasio offer comprehensive scanning of asset classes in popular cloud providers such as Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google GCP. This includes Lambda functions, S3 buckets, Azure VMs, and more. Continuous monitoring helps organizations detect anomalies and potential security breaches early, allowing for swift remediation. Intelligent and Automated Policy Management As organizations scale their cloud-native environments and embrace the agility that developers demand, policy management becomes a critical aspect of security. It’s not enough to have static policies; they must be intelligent and adaptable to evolving threats and requirements. Intelligent policy management solutions enable organizations to enforce corporate security policies both in the cloud and on-premises. These solutions have the capability to identify and guard against risks introduced through development processes or traditional change management procedures. When a developer’s request deviates from corporate security practices, an intelligent policy management system can automatically trigger actions, such as notifying network analysts or initiating policy work orders. Moreover, these solutions facilitate a “shift-left” approach, where security considerations are integrated into the earliest stages of development. This proactive approach ensures that security is not an afterthought but an integral part of the development lifecycle. Mitigating Risks in Cloud-Native Environments Securing containerized applications, serverless architectures, and microservices in cloud-native environments requires a holistic strategy. Here are some key steps that organizations can take to mitigate risks effectively: 1. Start with a Comprehensive Security Assessment Before diving into cloud-native development, conduct a thorough assessment of your organization’s security posture. Identify potential vulnerabilities and compliance requirements specific to your industry. Understanding your security needs will help you tailor your cloud-native security strategy effectively. 2. Implement Continuous Security Scanning Integrate container scanning tools into your development pipeline to identify vulnerabilities early in the process. Automate scanning to ensure that every container image is thoroughly examined before deployment. Regularly update scanning tools and libraries to stay protected against emerging threats. 3. Embrace Continuous Monitoring Utilize continuous monitoring solutions that cover all aspects of your multi-cloud deployment. This includes not only containers but also serverless functions, storage services, and virtual machines. A unified monitoring approach reduces blind spots and provides real-time visibility into potential security breaches. 4. Invest in Intelligent Policy Management Choose an intelligent policy management solution that aligns with your organization’s security and compliance requirements. Ensure that it offers automation capabilities to enforce policies seamlessly across cloud providers. Regularly review and update policies to adapt to changing security landscapes. 5. Foster a Culture of Security Security is not solely the responsibility of the IT department. Promote a culture of security awareness across your organization. Train developers, operations teams, and other stakeholders on best practices for cloud-native security. Encourage collaboration between security and development teams to address security concerns early in the development lifecycle. Conclusion The adoption of containerized applications, serverless architectures, and microservices in cloud-native environments offers unprecedented flexibility and scalability to enterprises. However, these advancements also introduce new security challenges that organizations must address diligently. By implementing a comprehensive security strategy that includes continuous scanning, monitoring, and intelligent policy management, businesses can harness the power of the cloud while safeguarding their applications and data. As the cloud-native landscape continues to evolve, staying proactive and adaptive in security practices will be crucial to maintaining a secure and resilient cloud environment. Schedule a demo Related Articles 2025 in review: What innovations and milestones defined AlgoSec’s transformative year in 2025? AlgoSec Reviews Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Navigating Compliance in the Cloud AlgoSec Cloud Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read 5 Multi-Cloud Environments Cloud Security Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Speak to one of our experts Speak to one of our experts Work email* First name* Last name* Company* country* Select country... Short answer* By submitting this form, I accept AlgoSec's privacy policy Schedule a call

Common Firewall Threats Do you really know what vulnerabilities currently exist in your enterprise firewalls? Your vulnerability scans... Cyber Attacks & Incident Response Top 10 common firewall threats and vulnerabilities Kevin Beaver 2 min read Kevin Beaver Short bio about author here Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur. Vitae donec tincidunt elementum quam laoreet duis sit enim. Duis mattis velit sit leo diam. Tags Share this article 7/16/15 Published Common Firewall Threats Do you really know what vulnerabilities currently exist in your enterprise firewalls? Your vulnerability scans are coming up clean. Your penetration tests have not revealed anything of significance. Therefore, everything’s in check, right? Not necessarily. In my work performing independent security assessments , I have found over the years that numerous firewall-related vulnerabilities can be present right under your nose. Sometimes they’re blatantly obvious. Other times, not so much. Here are my top 10 common firewall vulnerabilities that you need to be on the lookout for listed in order of typical significance/priority: Password(s) are set to the default which creates every security problem imaginable, including accountability issues when network events occur. Anyone on the Internet can access Microsoft SQL Server databases hosted internally which can lead to internal database access, especially when SQL Server has the default credentials (sa/password) or an otherwise weak password. Firewall OS software is outdated and no longer supported which can facilitate known exploits including remote code execution and denial of service attacks, and might not look good in the eyes of third-parties if a breach occurs and it’s made known that the system was outdated. Anyone on the Internet can access the firewall via unencrypted HTTP connections, as these can be exploited by an outsider who’s on the same network segment such as an open/unencrypted wireless network. Anti-spoofing controls are not enabled on the external interface which can facilitate denial of service and related attacks. Rules exist without logging which can be especially problematic for critical systems/services. Any protocol/service can connect between internal network segments which can lead to internal breaches and compliance violations, especially as it relates to PCI DSS cardholder data environments. Anyone on the internal network can access the firewall via unencrypted telnet connections. These connections can be exploited by an internal user (or malware) if ARP poisoning is enabled via a tool such as the free password recovery program Cain & Abel . Any type of TCP or UDP service can exit the network which can enable the spreading of malware and spam and lead to acceptable usage and related policy violations. Rules exist without any documentation which can create security management issues, especially when firewall admins leave the organization abruptly. Firewall Threats and Solutions Every security issue – whether confirmed or potential – is subject to your own interpretation and needs. But the odds are good that these firewall vulnerabilities are creating tangible business risks for your organization today. But the good news is that these security issues are relatively easy to fix. Obviously, you’ll want to think through most of them before “fixing” them as you can quickly create more problems than you’re solving. And you might consider testing these changes on a less critical firewall or, if you’re lucky enough, in a test environment. Ultimately understanding the true state of your firewall security is not only good for minimizing network risks, it can also be beneficial in terms of documenting your network, tweaking its architecture, and fine-tuning some of your standards, policies, and procedures that involve security hardening, change management, and the like. And the most important step is acknowledging that these firewall vulnerabilities exist in the first place! Schedule a demo Related Articles 2025 in review: What innovations and milestones defined AlgoSec’s transformative year in 2025? AlgoSec Reviews Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Navigating Compliance in the Cloud AlgoSec Cloud Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read 5 Multi-Cloud Environments Cloud Security Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Speak to one of our experts Speak to one of our experts Work email* First name* Last name* Company* country* Select country... Short answer* By submitting this form, I accept AlgoSec's privacy policy Schedule a call

Podcast: Differences between UTM and NGFW In our recent webcast discussion alongside panelists from Fortinet, NSS Labs and General... Firewall Change Management NGFW vs UTM: What you need to know Sam Erdheim 2 min read Sam Erdheim Short bio about author here Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur. Vitae donec tincidunt elementum quam laoreet duis sit enim. Duis mattis velit sit leo diam. Tags Share this article 2/19/13 Published Podcast: Differences between UTM and NGFW In our recent webcast discussion alongside panelists from Fortinet, NSS Labs and General Motors, we examined the State of the Firewall in 2013. We received more audience questions during the webcast than the time allowed for, so we’d like to answer these questions through several blog posts in a Q&A format with the panelists. By far the most asked question leading up to and during the webcast was: “What’s the difference between a UTM and a Next-Generation Firewall?” Here’s how our panelists responded: Pankil Vyas, Manager – Network Security Center, GM UTM are usually bundled feature set, NGFW has bundle but licensing can be selective. Depending on the firewall’s function on the network, some UTM features might not be useful, creating performance issues and sometimes firewall conflicts with packet flows. Nimmy Reichenberg, VP of Strategy, AlgoSec Different people give different answers to this question, but if we refer to Gartner who are certainly a credible source, a UTM consolidates many security functions (email security, AV, IPS, URL filtering etc.) and is tailored mostly to SMBs in terms of management capabilities, throughput, support, etc. A NGFW is an enterprise-grade product that at the very least includes IPS capabilities and application awareness (layer 7 control). You can refer to a Gartner paper titled “Defining the Next-Generation Firewall” for more information. Ryan Liles, Director of Testing Services, NSS Labs There really aren’t any differences in a UTM and a NGFW. The technologies used in the two are essentially the same, and they generally have the same capabilities. UTM devices are typically classified with lower throughput ratings than their NGFW counterparts, but for all practical purposes the differences are in marketing. The term NGFW was coined by vendors working with Gartner to create a class of products capable of fitting into an enterprise network that contained all of the features of a UTM. The reason for the name shift is that there was a pervasive line of thought stating a device capable of all of the functions of a UTM/NGFW would never be fast enough to run in an enterprise network. As hardware has progressed, the capability of these devices to hit multi-gigabit speeds began to prove that they were indeed capable of enterprise deployment. Rather than try and fight the sentiment that a UTM could never fit into an enterprise, the NGFW was born. Patrick Bedwell, VP of Products, Fortinet There are several definitions in the market of both terms. Analyst firms IDC and Gartner provided the original definitions of the terms. IDC defined UTM as a security appliance that combines firewall, gateway antivirus, and intrusion detection / intrusion prevention (IDS/IPS). Gartner defined an NGFW as a single device with integrated IPS with deep packet scanning, standard first-generation FW capabilities (NAT, stateful protocol inspection, VPN, etc.) and the ability to identity and control applications running on the network. Since their initial definitions, the terms have been used interchangeably by customers as well as vendors. Depending on with whom you speak, UTM can include NGFW features like application ID and control, and NGFW can include UTM features like gateway antivirus. The terms are often used synonymously, as both represent a single device with consolidated functionality. At Fortinet, for example, we offer customers the ability to deploy a FortiGate device as a pure firewall, an NGFW (enabling features like Application Control or User- and Device-based policy enforcement) or a full UTM (enabling additional features like gateway AV, WAN optimization, and so forth). Customers can deploy as much or as little of the technology on the FortiGate device as they need to match their requirements. If you missed the webcast, you can view it on-demand. We invite you to continue this debate and discussion by commenting here on the blog or via the Twitter hashtag Schedule a demo Related Articles 2025 in review: What innovations and milestones defined AlgoSec’s transformative year in 2025? AlgoSec Reviews Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Navigating Compliance in the Cloud AlgoSec Cloud Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read 5 Multi-Cloud Environments Cloud Security Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Speak to one of our experts Speak to one of our experts Work email* First name* Last name* Company* country* Select country... Short answer* By submitting this form, I accept AlgoSec's privacy policy Schedule a call

Last week our CTO, Professor Avishai Wool, presented a technical webinar on the do’s and don’ts for managing external connectivity to and... Auditing and Compliance 4 tips to manage your external network connections Joanne Godfrey 2 min read Joanne Godfrey Short bio about author here Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur. Vitae donec tincidunt elementum quam laoreet duis sit enim. Duis mattis velit sit leo diam. Tags Share this article 8/10/15 Published Last week our CTO, Professor Avishai Wool, presented a technical webinar on the do’s and don’ts for managing external connectivity to and from your network . We kicked off our webinar by polling the audience (186 people) on how many external permanent connections into their enterprise network they have. 40% have less than 50 external connections 31% have 50-250 external connections 24% have more than 250 external connections 5% wish they knew how many external connections they have! Clearly this is a very relevant issue for many enterprises, and one which can have a profound effect on security. The webinar covered a wide range of best practices for managing the external connectivity lifecycle and I highly recommend that you view the full presentation. But in the meantime, here are a few key issues that you should be mindful of when considering how to manage external connectivity to and from your network: Network Segmentation While there has to be an element of trust when you let an external partner into your network, you must do all you can to protect your organization from attacks through these connections. These include placing your servers in a demilitarized zone (DMZ), segregating them by firewalls, restricting traffic in both directions from the DMZ as well as using additional controls such as web application firewalls, data leak prevention and intrusion detection. Regulatory Compliance Bear in mind that if the data being accessed over the external connection is regulated, both your systems and the related peer’s systems are now subject t. So if the network connection touches credit card data, both sides of the connection are in scope, and outsourcing the processing and management of regulated data to a partner does not let you off the hook. Maintenance Sometimes you will have to make changes to your external connections, either due to planned maintenance work by your IT team or the peer’s team, or as a result of unplanned outages. Dealing with changes that affect external connections is more complicated than internal maintenance, as it will probably require coordinating with people outside your organisation and tweaking existing workflows, while adhering to any contractual or SLA obligations. As part of this process, remember that you’ll need to ensure that your information systems allow your IT teams to recognize external connections and provide access to the relevant technical information in the contract, while supporting the amended workflows. Contracts In most cases there is a contract that governs all aspects of the external connection – including technical and business issues. The technical points will include issues such as IP addresses and ports, technical contact points, SLAs, testing procedures and the physical location of servers. It’s important, therefore, that this contract is adhered to whenever dealing with technical issues related to external connections. These are just a few tips and issues to be aware of. To watch the webinar from Professor Wool in full, check out the recording here . Schedule a demo Related Articles 2025 in review: What innovations and milestones defined AlgoSec’s transformative year in 2025? AlgoSec Reviews Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Navigating Compliance in the Cloud AlgoSec Cloud Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read 5 Multi-Cloud Environments Cloud Security Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Speak to one of our experts Speak to one of our experts Work email* First name* Last name* Company* country* Select country... Short answer* By submitting this form, I accept AlgoSec's privacy policy Schedule a call

The fusion of Cloud and AI is more than just a technological advancement; it’s a paradigm shift. As businesses harness the combined power... Hybrid Cloud Security Management The confluence of cloud and AI: charting a secure path in the age of intelligent innovation Adel Osta Dadan 2 min read Adel Osta Dadan Short bio about author here Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur. Vitae donec tincidunt elementum quam laoreet duis sit enim. Duis mattis velit sit leo diam. Tags Share this article 9/20/23 Published The fusion of Cloud and AI is more than just a technological advancement; it’s a paradigm shift. As businesses harness the combined power of these transformative technologies, the importance of a security-centric approach becomes increasingly evident. This exploration delves deeper into the strategic significance of navigating the Cloud-AI nexus with a focus on security and innovation. Cloud and AI: catalysts for business transformation The cloud provides the foundational infrastructure, while AI infuses intelligence, making systems smarter and more responsive. Together, they’re reshaping industries, driving efficiencies, and creating new business models. However, with these opportunities come challenges. Ensuring robust security in this intertwined environment is not just a technical necessity but a strategic imperative. As AI algorithms process vast datasets in the cloud, businesses must prioritize the protection and integrity of this data to build and maintain trust. Building trust in intelligent systems In the age of AI, data isn’t just processed; it’s interpreted, analyzed, and acted upon. This autonomous decision-making demands a higher level of trust. Ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data in the cloud becomes paramount. Beyond just data protection, it’s about ensuring that AI-driven decisions, which can have real-world implications, are made based on secure and untampered data. This trust forms the bedrock of AI’s value proposition in the cloud. Leadership in the Cloud-AI era Modern leaders are not just visionaries; they’re also gatekeepers. They stand at the intersection of innovation and security, ensuring that as their organizations harness AI in the cloud, ethical considerations and security protocols are front and center. This dual role is challenging but essential. As AI-driven applications become integral to business operations, leaders must champion a culture where security and innovation coexist harmoniously. Seamless integration and the role of DevSecOps Developing AI applications in the cloud is a complex endeavor. It requires a seamless integration of development, operations, and crucially, security. Enter DevSecOps. This approach ensures that security is embedded at every stage of the development lifecycle. From training AI models to deploying them in cloud environments, security considerations are integral, ensuring that the innovations are both groundbreaking and grounded in security. Collaborative security for collective intelligence AI’s strength lies in its ability to derive insights from vast datasets. In the interconnected world of the cloud, data flows seamlessly across boundaries, making collaborative security vital. Protecting this collective intelligence requires a unified approach, where security protocols are integrated across platforms, tools, and teams. Future-proofing the Cloud-AI strategy The technological horizon is ever-evolving. The fusion of Cloud and AI is just the beginning, and as businesses look ahead, embedding security into their strategies is non-negotiable. It’s about ensuring that as new technologies emerge and integrate with existing systems, the foundation remains secure and resilient. AlgoSec’s unique value proposition At AlgoSec, we understand the intricacies of the Cloud-AI landscape. Our application-based approach ensures that businesses have complete visibility into their digital assets. With AlgoSec, organizations gain a clear view of their application connectivity, ensuring that security policies align with business processes. As AI integrates deeper into cloud strategies, AlgoSec’s solutions empower businesses to innovate confidently, backed by a robust security framework. Our platform provides holistic, business-level visibility across the entire network infrastructure. With features like AlgoSec AppViz and AppChange, businesses can seamlessly identify network security vulnerabilities, plan migrations, accelerate troubleshooting, and adhere to the highest compliance standards. By taking an application-centric approach to security policy management, AlgoSec bridges the gap between IT teams and application delivery teams, fostering collaboration and ensuring a heightened security posture. Schedule a demo Related Articles 2025 in review: What innovations and milestones defined AlgoSec’s transformative year in 2025? AlgoSec Reviews Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Navigating Compliance in the Cloud AlgoSec Cloud Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read 5 Multi-Cloud Environments Cloud Security Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Speak to one of our experts Speak to one of our experts Work email* First name* Last name* Company* country* Select country... Short answer* By submitting this form, I accept AlgoSec's privacy policy Schedule a call

As your organization adopts a hybrid IT infrastructure, there are more ways for hackers to steal your sensitive data. This is why cloud... Cloud Security Cloud Application Security: Threats, Benefits, & Solutions Rony Moshkovich 2 min read Rony Moshkovich Short bio about author here Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur. Vitae donec tincidunt elementum quam laoreet duis sit enim. Duis mattis velit sit leo diam. Tags Share this article 6/29/23 Published As your organization adopts a hybrid IT infrastructure, there are more ways for hackers to steal your sensitive data. This is why cloud application security is a critical part of data protection. It allows you to secure your cloud-based applications from cyber threats while ensuring your data is safe. This post will walk you through cloud application security, including its importance. We will also discuss the main cloud application security threats and how to mitigate them. What is Cloud Application Security Cloud application security refers to the security measures taken to protect cloud-based assets throughout their development lifecycle. These security measures are a framework of policies, tools, and controls that protect your cloud against cyber threats. Here is a list of security measures that cloud application security may involve: Compliance with industry standards such as CIS benchmarks to prevent data breaches. Identity management and access controls to prevent unauthorized access to your cloud-based apps. Data encryption and tokenization to protect sensitive data. Vulnerability management through vulnerability scanning and penetration testing. Network perimeter security, such as firewalls, to prevent unwanted access. The following are some of the assets that cloud security affects: Third-party cloud providers like Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google GCP. Collaborative applications like Slack and Microsoft Teams. Data Servers. Computer Networks. Why is Cloud Application Security Important Cloud application security is becoming more relevant as businesses migrated their data to the cloud in recent years. This is especially true for companies with a multi-cloud environment. These types of environments create a larger attack surface for hackers to exploit. According to IBM , the cost of a data breach in 2022 was $4.35 million. And this represents an increase of 2.6% from the previous year. The report also revealed that it took an average of 287 days to find and stop a data breach in a cloud environment. This time is enough for hackers to steal sensitive data and really damage your assets. Here are more things that can go wrong if organizations don’t pay attention to cloud security: Brand image damage: A security breach may cause a brand’s reputation to suffer and a decline in client confidence. During a breach, your company’s servers may be down for days or weeks. This means customers who paid for your services will not get access in that time. They may end up destroying your brand’s image through word of mouth. Lost consumer trust: Consumer confidence is tough to restore after being lost due to a security breach. Customers could migrate to rivals they believe to be more secure. Organizational disruption: A security breach may cause system failures preventing employees from working. This, in turn, could affect their productivity. You may also have to fire employees tasked with ensuring cloud security. Data loss: You may lose sensitive data, such as client information, resulting in legal penalties. Trade secrets theft may also affect the survival of your organization. Your competitors may steal your only leverage in the industry. Compliance violations: You may be fined for failing to comply with industry regulations such as GDPR. You may also face legal consequences for failing to protect consumer data. What are the Major Cloud Application Security Threats The following is a list of the major cloud application security threats: Misconfigurations: Misconfigurations are errors made when setting up cloud-based applications. They can occur due to human errors, lack of expertise, or mismanagement of cloud resources. Examples include weak passwords, unsecured storage baskets, and unsecured ports. Hackers may use these misconfigurations to access critical data in your public cloud. Insecure data sharing: This is the unauthorized or unintended sharing of sensitive data between users. Insecure data sharing can happen due to a misconfiguration or inappropriate access controls. It can lead to data loss, breaches, and non-compliance with regulatory standards. Limited visibility into network operations: This is the inability to monitor and control your cloud infrastructure and its apps. Limited network visibility prevents you from quickly identifying and responding to cyber threats. Many vulnerabilities may go undetected for a long time. Cybercriminals may exploit these weak points in your network security and gain access to sensitive data. Account hijacking: This is a situation where a hacker gains unauthorized access to a legitimate user’s cloud account. The attackers may use various social engineering tactics to steal login credentials. Examples include phishing attacks, password spraying, and brute-force attacks. Once they access the user’s cloud account, they can steal data or damage assets from within. Employee negligence and inadequately trained personnel: This threat occurs when employees are not adequately trained to recognize, report and prevent cyber risks. It can also happen when employees unintentionally or intentionally engage in risky behavior. For example, they could share login credentials with unauthorized users or set weak passwords. Weak passwords enable attackers to gain entry into your public cloud. Rogue employees can also intentionally give away your sensitive data. Compliance risks: Your organization faces cloud computing risks when non-compliant with industry regulations such as GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA. Some of these cloud computing risks include data breaches and exposure of sensitive information. This, in turn, may result in fines, legal repercussions, and reputational harm. Data loss: Data loss is a severe security risk for cloud applications. It may happen for several causes, including hardware malfunction, natural calamities, or cyber-attacks. Some of the consequences of data loss may be the loss of customer trust and legal penalties. Outdated security software: SaaS vendors always release updates to address new vulnerabilities and threats. Failing to update your security software on a regular basis may leave your system vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Hackers may exploit the flaws in your outdated SaaS apps to gain access to your cloud. Insecure APIs: APIs are a crucial part of cloud services but can pose a severe security risk if improperly secured. Insecure APIs and other endpoint infrastructure may cause many severe system breaches. They can lead to a complete system takeover by hackers and elevated privileged access. How to Mitigate Cloud Application Security Risks The following is a list of measures to mitigate cloud app security risks: Conduct a thorough risk analysis: This entails identifying possible security risks and assessing their potential effects. You then prioritize correcting the risks depending on their level of severity. By conducting risk analysis on a regular basis, you can keep your cloud environment secure. You’ll quickly understand your security posture and select the right security policies. Implement a firm access control policy: Access control policies ensure that only authorized users gain access to your data. They also outline the level of access to sensitive data based on your employees’ roles. A robust access control policy comprises features such as: Multi-factor authentication Role-based access control Least Privilege Access Strong password policies. Use encryption: Encryption is a crucial security measure that protects sensitive data in transit and at rest. This way, if an attacker intercepts data in transit, it will only be useful if they have a decryption key. Some of the cloud encryption solutions you can implement include: Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Rivest -Shamir-Addleman (RSA) Transport Layer Security (TSL) Set up data backup and disaster recovery policies: A data backup policy ensures data is completely recovered in case of breaches. You can always recover the lost data from your data backup files. Data backup systems also help reduce the impact of cyberattacks as you will restore normal operations quickly. Disaster recovery policies focus on establishing protocols and procedures to restore critical systems during a major disaster. This way, your data security will stay intact even when disaster strikes. Keep a constant watch over cloud environments: Security issues in cloud settings can only be spotted through continuous monitoring. Cloud security posture management tools like Prevasio can help you monitor your cloud for such issues. With its layer analysis feature, you’ll know the exact area in your cloud and how to fix it. Test and audit cloud security controls regularly: Security controls help you detect and mitigate potential security threats in your cloud. Examples of security controls include firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and database encryption. Auditing these security controls helps to identify gaps they may have. And then you take corrective actions to restore their effectiveness. Regularly evaluating your security controls will reduce the risk of security incidents in your cloud. Implement a security awareness training program: Security awareness training helps educate employees on cloud best practices. When employees learn commonly overlooked security protocols, they reduce the risks of data breaches due to human error. Organize regular assessment tests with your employees to determine their weak points. This way, you’ll reduce chances of hackers gaining access to your cloud through tactics such as phishing and ransomware attacks. Use the security tools and services that cloud service providers offer: Cloud service providers like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP) offer security tools and services such as: Web application firewalls (WAF), Runtime application self-protection (RASP), Intrusion detection and prevention systems Identity and access management (IAM) controls You can strengthen the security of your cloud environments by utilizing these tools. However, you should not rely solely on these features to ensure a secure cloud. You also need to implement your own cloud security best practices. Implement an incident response strategy: A security incident response strategy describes the measures to take during a cyber attack. It provides the procedures and protocols to bring the system back to normal in case of a breach. Designing incident response plans helps to reduce downtime. It also minimizes the impact of the damages due to cyber attacks. Apply the Paved Road Security Approach in DevSecOps Processes: DevSecOps environments require security to be integrated into development workflows and tools. This way, cloud security becomes integral to an app development process. The paved road security approach provides a secure baseline that DevSecOps can use for continuous monitoring and automated remediation. Automate your cloud application security practices Using on-premise security practices such as manual compliance checks to mitigate cloud application security threats can be tiring. Your security team may also need help to keep up with the updates as your cloud needs grow. Cloud vendors that can automate all the necessary processes to maintain a secure cloud. They have cloud security tools to help you achieve and maintain compliance with industry standards. You can improve your visibility into your cloud infrastructures by utilizing these solutions. They also spot real-time security challenges and offer remediations. For example, Prevasio’s cloud security solutions monitor cloud environments continually from the cloud. They can spot possible security threats and vulnerabilities using AI and machine learning. What Are Cloud Application Security Solutions? Cloud application security solutions are designed to protect apps and other assets in the cloud. Unlike point devices, cloud application security solutions are deployed from the cloud. This ensures you get a comprehensive cybersecurity approach for your IT infrastructure. These solutions are designed to protect the entire system instead of a single point of vulnerability. This makes managing your cybersecurity strategy easier. Here are some examples of cloud security application solutions: 1. Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM) : CSPM tools enable monitoring and analysis of cloud settings for security risks and vulnerabilities. They locate incorrect setups, resources that aren’t compliant, and other security concerns that might endanger cloud infrastructures. 2. The Cloud Workload Protection Platform (CWPP) : This cloud application security solution provides real-time protection for workloads in cloud environments . It does this by detecting and mitigating real-time threats regardless of where they are deployed. CWPP solutions offer various security features, such as: Network segmentation File integrity monitoring Vulnerability scanning. Using CWPP products will help you optimize your cloud application security strategy. 3. Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB) : CASB products give users visibility into and control over the data and apps they access in the cloud. These solutions help businesses enforce security guidelines and monitor user behavior in cloud settings. The danger of data loss, leakage, and unauthorized access is lowered in the process. CASB products also help with malware detection. 4. Runtime Application Self Protection (RASP): This solution addresses security issues that may arise while a program is working. It identifies potential threats and vulnerabilities during runtime and thwarts them immediately. Some of the RASP solutions include: Input validation Runtime hardening Dynamic Application Security testing 5. Web Application and API protection (WAAP) : These products are designed to protect your organization’s Web applications and APIs. They monitor outgoing and incoming web apps and API traffic to detect malicious activity. WAAP products can block any unauthorized access attempts. They can also protect against cyber threats like SQL injection and Cross-site scripting. 6. Data Loss Prevention (DLP): DLP products are intended to stop the loss or leaking of private information in cloud settings. These technologies keep track of sensitive data in use and at rest. They can also enforce rules to stop unauthorized people from losing or accessing it. 7. Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems : SIEM systems track and analyze real-time security incidents and events in cloud settings. The effect of security breaches is decreased thanks to these solutions. They help firms in detecting and responding to security issues rapidly. Cloud Native Application Protection Platform (CNAPP) The CNAPP, which Prevasio created, raises the bar for cloud security. It combines CSPM, CIEM, IAM, CWPP, and more in one tool. A CNAPP delivers a complete security solution with sophisticated threat detection and mitigation capabilities for packaged workloads, microservices, and cloud-native applications. The CNAPP can find and eliminate security issues in your cloud systems before hackers can exploit them. With its layer analysis feature, you can quickly fix any potential vulnerabilities in your cloud . It pinpoints the exact layer of code where there are errors, saving you time and effort. CNAPP also offers a visual dynamic analysis of your cloud environment . This lets you grasp the state of your cloud security at a glance. In the process, saving you time as you know exactly where to go. CNAPP is also a scalable cloud security solution. The cloud-native design of Prevasio’s CNAPP enables it to expand dynamically and offer real-time protection against new threats. Let Prevasio Solve Your Cloud Application Security Needs Cloud security is paramount to protecting sensitive data and upholding a company’s reputation in the modern digital age. To be agile to the constantly changing security issues in cloud settings, Prevasio’s Cloud Native Application Protection Platform (CNAPP) offers an all-inclusive solution. From layer analysis to visual dynamic analysis, CNAPP gives you the tools you need to keep your cloud secure. You can rely on Prevasio to properly manage your cloud application security needs. Try Prevasio today! Schedule a demo Related Articles 2025 in review: What innovations and milestones defined AlgoSec’s transformative year in 2025? AlgoSec Reviews Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Navigating Compliance in the Cloud AlgoSec Cloud Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read 5 Multi-Cloud Environments Cloud Security Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Speak to one of our experts Speak to one of our experts Work email* First name* Last name* Company* country* Select country... Short answer* By submitting this form, I accept AlgoSec's privacy policy Schedule a call

The aim of this post is to provide a very high-level illustration of the DNS Tunneling method used in the SolarWinds supply chain attack.... Cloud Security DNS Tunneling In The SolarWinds Supply Chain Attack Rony Moshkovich 2 min read Rony Moshkovich Short bio about author here Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur. Vitae donec tincidunt elementum quam laoreet duis sit enim. Duis mattis velit sit leo diam. Tags Share this article 12/23/20 Published The aim of this post is to provide a very high-level illustration of the DNS Tunneling method used in the SolarWinds supply chain attack . An Attacker compromises SolarWinds company and trojanizes a DLL that belongs to its software. Some of the customers receive the malicious DLL as an update for the SolarWinds Orion software. “Corporation XYZ” receives the malicious and digitally signed DLL via update. SolarWinds Orion software loads the malicious DLL as a plugin. Once activated, the DLL reads a local domain name “local.corp-xyz.com” (a fictious name). The malware encrypts the local domain name and adds it to a long domain name. The long domain name is queried with a DNS server (can be tapped by a passive DNS sensor). The recursive DNS server is not authorized to resolve avsvmcloud[.]com, so it forwards the request. An attacker-controlled authoritative DNS server resolves the request with a wildcard A record. The Attacker checks the victim’s name, then adds a CNAME record for the victim’s domain name. The new CNAME record resolves the long domain name into an IP of an HTTP-based C2 server. The malicious DLL downloads and executes the 2nd stage malware (TearDrop, Cobalt Strike Beacon). A Threat Researcher accesses the passive DNS (pDNS) records. One of the long domain names from the pDNS records is decrypted back into “local.corp-xyz.com”. The Researcher deducts that the decrypted local domain name belongs to “Corporation XYZ”. Schedule a demo Related Articles 2025 in review: What innovations and milestones defined AlgoSec’s transformative year in 2025? AlgoSec Reviews Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Navigating Compliance in the Cloud AlgoSec Cloud Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read 5 Multi-Cloud Environments Cloud Security Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Speak to one of our experts Speak to one of our experts Work email* First name* Last name* Company* country* Select country... Short answer* By submitting this form, I accept AlgoSec's privacy policy Schedule a call

As you may have heard already, the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) released a joint... Cloud Security Drovorub’s Ability to Conceal C2 Traffic And Its Implications For Docker Containers Rony Moshkovich 2 min read Rony Moshkovich Short bio about author here Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur. Vitae donec tincidunt elementum quam laoreet duis sit enim. Duis mattis velit sit leo diam. Tags Share this article 8/15/20 Published As you may have heard already, the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) released a joint Cybersecurity Advisory about previously undisclosed Russian malware called Drovorub. According to the report, the malware is designed for Linux systems as part of its cyber espionage operations. Drovorub is a Linux malware toolset that consists of an implant coupled with a kernel module rootkit, a file transfer and port forwarding tool, and a Command and Control (C2) server. The name Drovorub originates from the Russian language. It is a complex word that consists of 2 roots (not the full words): “drov” and “rub” . The “o” in between is used to join both roots together. The root “drov” forms a noun “drova” , which translates to “firewood” , or “wood” . The root “rub” /ˈruːb/ forms a verb “rubit” , which translates to “to fell” , or “to chop” . Hence, the original meaning of this word is indeed a “woodcutter” . What the report omits, however, is that apart from the classic interpretation, there is also slang. In the Russian computer slang, the word “drova” is widely used to denote “drivers” . The word “rubit” also has other meanings in Russian. It may mean to kill, to disable, to switch off. In the Russian slang, “rubit” also means to understand something very well, to be professional in a specific field. It resonates with the English word “sharp” – to be able to cut through the problem. Hence, we have 3 possible interpretations of ‘ Drovorub ‘: someone who chops wood – “дроворуб” someone who disables other kernel-mode drivers – “тот, кто отрубает / рубит драйвера” someone who understands kernel-mode drivers very well – “тот, кто (хорошо) рубит в драйверах” Given that Drovorub does not disable other drivers, the last interpretation could be the intended one. In that case, “Drovorub” could be a code name of the project or even someone’s nickname. Let’s put aside the intricacies of the Russian translations and get a closer look into the report. DISCLAIMER Before we dive into some of the Drovorub analysis aspects, we need to make clear that neither FBI nor NSA has shared any hashes or any samples of Drovorub. Without the samples, it’s impossible to conduct a full reverse engineering analysis of the malware. Netfilter Hiding According to the report, the Drovorub-kernel module registers a Netfilter hook. A network packet filter with a Netfilter hook ( NF_INET_LOCAL_IN and NF_INET_LOCAL_OUT ) is a common malware technique. It allows a backdoor to watch passively for certain magic packets or series of packets, to extract C2 traffic. What is interesting though, is that the driver also hooks the kernel’s nf_register_hook() function. The hook handler will register the original Netfilter hook, then un-register it, then re-register the kernel’s own Netfilter hook. According to the nf_register_hook() function in the Netfilter’s source , if two hooks have the same protocol family (e.g., PF_INET ), and the same hook identifier (e.g., NF_IP_INPUT ), the hook execution sequence is determined by priority. The hook list enumerator breaks at the position of an existing hook with a priority number elem->priority higher than the new hook’s priority number reg->priority : int nf_register_hook ( struct nf_hook_ops * reg) { struct nf_hook_ops * elem; int err; err = mutex_lock_interruptible( & nf_hook_mutex); if (err < 0 ) return err; list_for_each_entry(elem, & nf_hooks[reg -> pf][reg -> hooknum], list) { if (reg -> priority < elem -> priority) break ; } list_add_rcu( & reg -> list, elem -> list.prev); mutex_unlock( & nf_hook_mutex); ... return 0 ; } In that case, the new hook is inserted into the list, so that the higher-priority hook’s PREVIOUS link would point into the newly inserted hook. What happens if the new hook’s priority is also the same, such as NF_IP_PRI_FIRST – the maximum hook priority? In that case, the break condition will not be met, the list iterator list_for_each_entry will slide past the existing hook, and the new hook will be inserted after it as if the new hook’s priority was higher. By re-inserting its Netfilter hook in the hook handler of the nf_register_hook() function, the driver makes sure the Drovorub’s Netfilter hook will beat any other registered hook at the same hook number and with the same (maximum) priority. If the intercepted TCP packet does not belong to the hidden TCP connection, or if it’s destined to or originates from another process, hidden by Drovorub’s kernel-mode driver, the hook will return 5 ( NF_STOP ). Doing so will prevent other hooks from being called to process the same packet. Security Implications For Docker Containers Given that Drovorub toolset targets Linux and contains a port forwarding tool to route network traffic to other hosts on the compromised network, it would not be entirely unreasonable to assume that this toolset was detected in a client’s cloud infrastructure. According to Gartner’s prediction , in just two years, more than 75% of global organizations will be running cloud-native containerized applications in production, up from less than 30% today. Would the Drovorub toolset survive, if the client’s cloud infrastructure was running containerized applications? Would that facilitate the attack or would it disrupt it? Would it make the breach stealthier? To answer these questions, we have tested a different malicious toolset, CloudSnooper, reported earlier this year by Sophos. Just like Drovorub, CloudSnooper’s kernel-mode driver also relies on a Netfilter hook ( NF_INET_LOCAL_IN and NF_INET_LOCAL_OUT ) to extract C2 traffic from the intercepted TCP packets. As seen in the FBI/NSA report, the Volatility framework was used to carve the Drovorub kernel module out of the host, running CentOS. In our little lab experiment, let’s also use CentOS host. To build a new Docker container image, let’s construct the following Dockerfile: FROM scratch ADD centos-7.4.1708-docker.tar.xz / ADD rootkit.ko / CMD [“/bin/bash”] The new image, built from scratch, will have the CentOS 7.4 installed. The kernel-mode rootkit will be added to its root directory. Let’s build an image from our Dockerfile, and call it ‘test’: [root@localhost 1]# docker build . -t test Sending build context to Docker daemon 43.6MB Step 1/4 : FROM scratch —> Step 2/4 : ADD centos-7.4.1708-docker.tar.xz / —> 0c3c322f2e28 Step 3/4 : ADD rootkit.ko / —> 5aaa26212769 Step 4/4 : CMD [“/bin/bash”] —> Running in 8e34940342a2 Removing intermediate container 8e34940342a2 —> 575e3875cdab Successfully built 575e3875cdab Successfully tagged test:latest Next, let’s execute our image interactively (with pseudo-TTY and STDIN ): docker run -it test The executed image will be waiting for our commands: [root@8921e4c7d45e /]# Next, let’s try to load the malicious kernel module: [root@8921e4c7d45e /]# insmod rootkit.ko The output of this command is: insmod: ERROR: could not insert module rootkit.ko: Operation not permitted The reason why it failed is that by default, Docker containers are ‘unprivileged’. Loading a kernel module from a docker container requires a special privilege that allows it doing so. Let’s repeat our experiment. This time, let’s execute our image either in a fully privileged mode or by enabling only one capability – a capability to load and unload kernel modules ( SYS_MODULE ). docker run -it –privileged test or docker run -it –cap-add SYS_MODULE test Let’s load our driver again: [root@547451b8bf87 /]# insmod rootkit.ko This time, the command is executed silently. Running lsmod command allows us to enlist the driver and to prove it was loaded just fine. A little magic here is to quit the docker container and then delete its image: docker rmi -f test Next, let’s execute lsmod again, only this time on the host. The output produced by lsmod will confirm the rootkit module is loaded on the host even after the container image is fully unloaded from memory and deleted! Let’s see what ports are open on the host: [root@localhost 1]# netstat -tulpn Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1044/sshd With the SSH server running on port 22 , let’s send a C2 ‘ping’ command to the rootkit over port 22 : [root@localhost 1]# python client.py 127.0.0.1 22 8080 rrootkit-negotiation: hello The ‘hello’ response from the rootkit proves it’s fully operational. The Netfilter hook detects a command concealed in a TCP packet transferred over port 22 , even though the host runs SSH server on port 22 . How was it possible that a rootkit loaded from a docker container ended up loaded on the host? The answer is simple: a docker container is not a virtual machine. Despite the namespace and ‘control groups’ isolation, it still relies on the same kernel as the host. Therefore, a kernel-mode rootkit loaded from inside a Docker container instantly compromises the host, thus allowing the attackers to compromise other containers that reside on the same host. It is true that by default, a Docker container is ‘unprivileged’ and hence, may not load kernel-mode drivers. However, if a host is compromised, or if a trojanized container image detects the presence of the SYS_MODULE capability (as required by many legitimate Docker containers), loading a kernel-mode rootkit on a host from inside a container becomes a trivial task. Detecting the SYS_MODULE capability ( cap_sys_module ) from inside the container: [root@80402f9c2e4c /]# capsh –print Current: = cap_chown, … cap_sys_module, … Conclusion This post is drawing a parallel between the recently reported Drovorub rootkit and CloudSnooper, a rootkit reported earlier this year. Allegedly built by different teams, both of these Linux rootkits have one mechanism in common: a Netfilter hook ( NF_INET_LOCAL_IN and NF_INET_LOCAL_OUT ) and a toolset that enables tunneling of the traffic to other hosts within the same compromised cloud infrastructure. We are still hunting for the hashes and samples of Drovorub. Unfortunately, the YARA rules published by FBI/NSA cause False Positives. For example, the “Rule to detect Drovorub-server, Drovorub-agent, and Drovorub-client binaries based on unique strings and strings indicating statically linked libraries” enlists the following strings: “Poco” “Json” “OpenSSL” “clientid” “—–BEGIN” “—–END” “tunnel” The string “Poco” comes from the POCO C++ Libraries that are used for over 15 years. It is w-a-a-a-a-y too generic, even in combination with other generic strings. As a result, all these strings, along with the ELF header and a file size between 1MB and 10MB, produce a false hit on legitimate ARM libraries, such as a library used for GPS navigation on Android devices: f058ebb581f22882290b27725df94bb302b89504 56c36bfd4bbb1e3084e8e87657f02dbc4ba87755 Nevertheless, based on the information available today, our interest is naturally drawn to the security implications of these Linux rootkits for the Docker containers. Regardless of what security mechanisms may have been compromised, Docker containers contribute an additional attack surface, another opportunity for the attackers to compromise the hosts and other containers within the same organization. The scenario outlined in this post is purely hypothetical. There is no evidence that supports that Drovorub may have affected any containers. However, an increase in volume and sophistication of attacks against Linux-based cloud-native production environments, coupled with the increased proliferation of containers, suggests that such a scenario may, in fact, be plausible. Schedule a demo Related Articles 2025 in review: What innovations and milestones defined AlgoSec’s transformative year in 2025? AlgoSec Reviews Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Navigating Compliance in the Cloud AlgoSec Cloud Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read 5 Multi-Cloud Environments Cloud Security Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Speak to one of our experts Speak to one of our experts Work email* First name* Last name* Company* country* Select country... Short answer* By submitting this form, I accept AlgoSec's privacy policy Schedule a call

A recent news article from Bleeping Computer called out an incident involving Japanese game developer Ateam, in which a misconfiguration... Cyber Attacks & Incident Response Mitigating cloud security risks through comprehensive automated solutions Malynnda Littky-Porath 2 min read Malynnda Littky-Porath Short bio about author here Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur. Vitae donec tincidunt elementum quam laoreet duis sit enim. Duis mattis velit sit leo diam. Tags Share this article 1/8/24 Published A recent news article from Bleeping Computer called out an incident involving Japanese game developer Ateam, in which a misconfiguration in Google Drive led to the potential exposure of sensitive information for nearly one million individuals over a period of six years and eight months. Such incidents highlight the critical importance of securing cloud services to prevent data breaches. This blog post explores how organizations can avoid cloud security risks and ensuring the safety of sensitive information. What caused the Ateam Google Drive misconfiguration? Ateam, a renowned mobile game and content creator, discovered on November 21, 2023, that it had mistakenly set a Google Drive cloud storage instance to “Anyone on the internet with the link can view” since March 2017. This configuration error exposed 1,369 files containing personal information, including full names, email addresses, phone numbers, customer management numbers, and device identification numbers, for approximately 935,779 individuals. Avoiding cloud security risks by using automation To prevent such incidents and enhance cloud security, organizations can leverage tools such as AlgoSec, a comprehensive solution that addresses potential vulnerabilities and misconfigurations. It is important to look for cloud security partners who offer the following key features: Automated configuration checks: AlgoSec conducts automated checks on cloud configurations to identify and rectify any insecure settings. This ensures that sensitive data remains protected and inaccessible to unauthorized individuals. Policy compliance management: AlgoSec assists organizations in adhering to industry regulations and internal security policies by continuously monitoring cloud configurations. This proactive approach reduces the likelihood of accidental exposure of sensitive information. Risk assessment and mitigation: AlgoSec provides real-time risk assessments, allowing organizations to promptly identify and mitigate potential security risks. This proactive stance helps in preventing data breaches and maintaining the integrity of cloud services. Incident response capabilities: In the event of a misconfiguration or security incident, AlgoSec offers robust incident response capabilities. This includes rapid identification, containment, and resolution of security issues to minimize the impact on the organization. The Ateam incident serves as a stark reminder of the importance of securing cloud services to safeguard sensitive data. AlgoSec emerges as a valuable ally in this endeavor, offering automated configuration checks, policy compliance management, risk assessment, and incident response capabilities. By incorporating AlgoSec into their security strategy, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of cloud security incidents and ensure the confidentiality of their data. Request a brief demo to learn more about advanced cloud protection. Schedule a demo Related Articles 2025 in review: What innovations and milestones defined AlgoSec’s transformative year in 2025? AlgoSec Reviews Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Navigating Compliance in the Cloud AlgoSec Cloud Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read 5 Multi-Cloud Environments Cloud Security Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Speak to one of our experts Speak to one of our experts Work email* First name* Last name* Company* country* Select country... Short answer* By submitting this form, I accept AlgoSec's privacy policy Schedule a call