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Explore Algosec's customer success stories to see how organizations worldwide improve security, compliance, and efficiency with our solutions. State of Utah Network Security Management Breaks the Service Bottleneck Organization State of Utah Industry Government Headquarters Salt Lake City, Utah, United States Download case study Share Customer
success stories "With AlgoSec, I am able to get requests completed within minutes." State government rapidly accelerates security policy changes while increasing security and compliance Background Utah is home to over three million people. It is one of America’s fastest-growing states and the fastest-growing economy by job growth in the nation. The Department of Technology Services (DTS) is the technology service provider for the executive branch of the State of Utah, providing services to Utah’s citizens. DTS supports the computing infrastructure for the state government, including 22,000 telephones, 20,000 desktop computers, 2,400 servers, 1,300 online services, monitors over 4 million visits to Utah.gov per month, and secures against more than 500 million daily IT intrusion attempts. Challenge Over forty firewall pairs and hundreds of other devices help the Department of Technology Services serve and secure the Utah government.“Before AlgoSec, it was very challenging for us to manage firewalls,” stated the department’s Director of Information Technology. Some of the challenges included: Firewall rule requests took up 70% of employees’ daily time. Agencies and staff frequently complained about slow response times, impacting their productivity while staff worked through a lengthy manual process to fulfill requests. Human errors slowed down the processes, requiring extra layers of quality assurance. Large rule request projects took several months to complete. Employee onboarding took several months. New employees could not independently support firewall request changes for the first few months after joining the team. Solutions The State of Utah was searching for a solution that provided: Automation of firewall management Actionable reports to ease compliance requirements Ease of deployment Following an in-depth evaluation, the State of Utah selected AlgoSec’s security policy management solution.“We evaluated several other products but none of them really automated at the level that we wanted,” said the director of IT. “AlgoSec’s automation really stood out.” The State of Utah chose to start with AlgoSec Firewall Analyzer (AFA) and AlgoSec FireFlow (AFF), two of the flagship products in the AlgoSec suite.AlgoSec Firewall Analyzer delivers visibility and analysis of complex network security policies across on-premise, cloud, and hybrid networks. It automates and simplifies security operations including troubleshooting, auditing, and risk analysis. Using Firewall Analyzer, the State of Utah can optimize the configuration of firewalls, and network infrastructure to ensure security and compliance. AlgoSec FireFlow enables security staff to automate the entire security policy change process from design and submission to proactive risk analysis, implementation, validation, and auditing. Its intelligent, automated workflows save time and improve security by eliminating manual errors and reducing risk. Results By using the AlgoSec Security Management solution, the State of Utah was able to accelerate their security policy management, provide better and faster service to state agencies, accelerate employee onboarding, and enhance network segmentation.Some of the benefits gained include: Fast and easy deployment – they were up and running within a few weeks. Faster turnaround to firewall requests from staff supporting agencies and priority initiatives. Reduced time to implement large rule request for projects, such as deployments, migrations, and decommissions — from months to minutes. Better knowledge sharing – hosting staff and extended staff outside of network operations get more accurate insights into firewalls and infrastructure topologies and traffic flows. This sped up troubleshooting and reduced superfluous requests covered by existing rules. Elimination of human error and rework thanks to policy automation. Accelerated employee onboarding – employees joining our network operations team are now able to fulfill firewall change requests within two weeks of starting work – down from 3 months – an 80% reduction. “I’ve been able to jump in and use AlgoSec. It’s been really intuitive” , concluded the IT director. “I am very pleased with this product! ” Schedule time with one of our experts

Explore Algosec's customer success stories to see how organizations worldwide improve security, compliance, and efficiency with our solutions. NCR ACCELERATES TOWARDS ZERO-TRUST Organization NCR Global Industry Financial Services Headquarters Georgia, USA Download case study Share Customer
success stories “AlgoSec helps us be vendor-agnostic and understand our full security posture to lead us down this journey to achieve zero-trust.” Scott Theriault, Global Manager Network Perimeter Security NCR Corporation Background NCR Corporation is a leading global point-of-sale (POS) provider for restaurants, retailers, and banks and a provider of multi-vendor ATM software. Headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, NCR has over 36,000 employees in 160 countries, and solutions are distributed in 141 countries. As NCR expands into public cloud platforms such as AWS, they require consistent visibility and security policy management across both on-premises and cloud environments. The challenge NCR needed to connect its DevOps pipeline with its network security. With over 4,500 policy changes made annually, it was difficult to securely manage their entire networking and security environment while being responsive to application owners but still achieve zero trust. Strategically, they were aiming to automate and orchestrate security policy changes across their entire hybrid network, so they could securely accelerate application delivery. As applications and services moved into AWS, NCR also needed unified governance across physical firewalls, Cisco ACI, and cloud-native controls such as AWS Security Groups and AWS Network Firewall. The solution They implemented the AlgoSec Security Policy Management Solution, made up of AlgoSec Firewall Analyzer, AlgoSec FireFlow, and AlgoSec AppViz and AppChange. This solution is now part of AlgoSec Horizon, which also includes AlgoSec Cloud Enterprise (ACE) for cloud-native visibility and policy management . AlgoSec Firewall Analyzer enables organizations to discover, identify, and map business applications across their entire hybrid network. It analyzes complex network security policies across the network. It automates and simplifies security operations, including troubleshooting, auditing, and risk analysis. AlgoSec FireFlow enables security staff to automate the entire security policy change process from design and submission to proactive risk analysis, implementation, validation, and auditing. Its intelligent, automated workflows save time and improve security by eliminating manual errors and reducing risk. AlgoSec AppViz, the application visibility add-on for AlgoSec Firewall Analyzer, provides visibility for your network applications, enabling secure application delivery. AlgoSec AppChange, the application automation add-on for AlgoSec FireFlow, allows for changes at the business application level, including during the application migrations, server deployment, and decommissioning projects. With ACE, NCR also gains visibility into AWS environments, including VPCs, Transit Gateways, Security Groups, and AWS Network Firewall, ensuring consistent zero-trust controls across their hybrid network. The results AlgoSec is a strategic component of NCR’s network security, managing its entire network security infrastructure. The AlgoSec platform enables the NCR Corporation to manage application connectivity end-to-end across their network — including public cloud, Cisco ACI, and physical firewalls. With AlgoSec Horizon and ACE, NCR now extends this visibility into AWS cloud environments, unifying security policy management across firewalls, Cisco ACI, and AWS-native controls such as Security Groups and AWS Network Firewall. “Most products don’t understand the end-to-end environment. AlgoSec does,” noted Scott Theriault, Global Manager, Network Perimeter Security. Some of the ways that NCR Corporation benefits from AlgoSec include: Launched migration of their on-premises data centers into the Cisco ACI fabric. Extended micro-segmentation to Cisco ACI environment. Extended segmentation and zero-trust policy enforcement into AWS cloud architectures. Achieved complete visibility of their global security posture from a single dashboard. Automated risk analysis, achieving visibility and insights into the risk that changes introduce. Streamlined auditing process with to automatic logging and audit-ready compliance reports. Cleaned up and reduced firewall policies with rule cleanup, object cleanup, and policy tuning. Unified governance across on-prem, ACI, and AWS environments to support consistent zero-trust policy controls. “As we aspire to achieve zero-trust, when moving into the cloud, micro-segmentation and container security come into play. Therefore, we need tools like AlgoSec to assist us in the journey because most application owners don’t know what access is needed. This tool helps them learn what needs to be implemented to reduce the attack surface,” stated Theriault. Schedule time with one of our experts

Explore Algosec's customer success stories to see how organizations worldwide improve security, compliance, and efficiency with our solutions. Leading Bank Transforms Digitalization Journey With AlgoSec Organization Leading Bank Industry Financial Services Headquarters United States Download case study Share Customer
success stories "AlgoSec is like a person sitting in my bank taking care of everything - simplifying day-to-day operations and reducing human errors because everything is automated.” Background Background The bank is a full-service commercial bank headquartered in India. It offers a wide range of banking and financial products for corporate and retail customers through retail banking and asset management services. The bank offers personal, corporate, and internet banking services including accounts, deposits, credit cards, home loans, and personal loans. The Challenges The client’s key issues related to the management of the firewalls, dealing with rule duplication and human errors. Their network security operations teams were hampered by manual, slow, and error-prone security change-management processes. It often took around four days to process a single change across their complex network environment. The frequent errors that arose from manual processes opened security gaps and put them at risk of cyberattacks. Some of their challenges included: Human errors leading to misconfiguration – The organization was handling over 30 firewalls and 30 to 40 rules in a day across multiple firewalls. They lacked the skilled resources to implement these rule changes. This led to errors and misconfigurations. Lack of visibility – They lacked visibility into their overall network and traffic flows and failed to understand which rules applied to each firewall. Duplicate rules – They had many duplicate firewall policies, negatively impacting performance. Policy optimization – The organization required policies to be frequently optimized. Lack of visibility – The organization needed visibility across their networks, allowing them to quickly find and fix issues. Time-consuming manual change management processes. Solution The organization looked for a partner that understood their challenges, could integrate into their existing solutions, and could take full responsibility for any issues. In the words of the bank’s executive vice president, “ We were looking for a partner, not a product.” The key factors that the bank was looking for were: Alignment with their digital transformation vision – They wanted to align with key stakeholders among business, operations, network, and security teams. Automation as a key focus – Automation was important to reduce human errors, align with the considerable number of requests and adapt to the agile nature of critical applications. With automation, they were looking to implement firewall changes faster. Easy to use and integrate within the existing infrastructure. Unified view of their multi-vendor firewall estate – They wanted a single console where they could see all their firewalls, understand their collective risk, and gain a holistic view of the current state of their firewall policies. As a result, the customer implemented the AlgoSec Security Management Solution. Results: The AlgoSec Security Management Solution transformed the bank’s digitalization journey, leading to: Time to implement rule changes decreased from 4-5 days to less than 48 hours – a 60% reduction. Automatically implemented changes – Changes are automatically implemented, without needing to guess which rules and devices are in path. Reduced human error and elimination of repetitive, manual tasks. Simplified daily operations. Automated change management across application-centric infrastructure. Identified and mitigated risks. Transformed digitization journey. AlgoSec now has end-to-end visibility of which firewall it needs to implement the changes on. The bank was in the process of switching from a traditional infrastructure to Cisco ACI. The transition was smooth. AlgoSec seamlessly integrated into Cisco ACI and their existing Palo Alto Network devices. “I think we are the first in India who approached AlgoSec and got these solutions implemented – getting Cisco ACI, Palo Alto, and AlgoSec working hand in hand with full integration. This is the best thing we’ve seen till now,” noted the vice president. Looking ahead, they plan to extend AlgoSec’s offering, mapping rule applications, and other capabilities to help them migrate to the cloud. Schedule time with one of our experts

AlgoSec extends Cisco ACI’s policy-based automation to security devices in the Data Center AlgoSec’s Network Security Management Solution Now on Cisco’s Global Price List AlgoSec extends Cisco ACI’s policy-based automation to security devices in the Data Center November 26, 2019 Speak to one of our experts Ridgefield Park, NJ, USA (November 26, 2019) – AlgoSec, a leading provider of business-driven network security management solutions, today announced the availability of its integrated solution for Cisco ACI and security devices on Cisco’s Global Price List. This enables Cisco’s direct and channel sales network to offer AlgoSec’s solutions to customers through Cisco’s SolutionsPlus program. Cisco ACI, the industry’s leading software-defined networking solution, facilitates application agility and Data Center automation. ACI enables scalable multi-cloud networks with a consistent policy model and provides the flexibility to move applications seamlessly to any location or any cloud while maintaining security and high availability. AlgoSec integrates with Cisco ACI to extend ACI’s policy-based automation to multi-vendor security devices across the Data Center, on its edges and in the cloud. AlgoSec Security Management Solution for ACI enables customers to better ensure continuous compliance and automates the provisioning of security policies across ACI fabric and multi-vendor security devices connected to the ACI fabric, helping customers build more secure Data Centers. “AlgoSec and Cisco ACI share an application-centric approach to network security management, allowing customers to realize the full potential of intent-based Data Centers. We are delighted to be a part of Cisco’s Solutions Plus program and get listed on Global Price List,” said Avishai Wool, CTO and co-founder at AlgoSec. “Extending Cisco ACI’s policy driven automation to security devices, closely aligns with AlgoSec’s strategies and will deliver powerful benefits to our mutual customers. It enables customers to build truly automated IT environments that are flexible, secure and responsive to their business needs,” added Bruno Weinberger, VP, Strategic Alliances at AlgoSec. “Networking teams are increasingly adopting application-centric, policy-driven approach to meet rapidly changing requirements from IT teams and application owners,” said Ranga Rao, Senior Director of Product Management and Solutions, Cisco Data Center Networking. “AlgoSec security management solution extends ACI’s policy model and automation capabilities to security devices, allowing customers and partners to build agile and more secure data centers.” Cisco and AlgoSec’s channel partners share an equal level of enthusiasm about this initiative. “This collaboration between Cisco and AlgoSec is a great news for Conscia. As a Cisco Gold Partner and AlgoSec’s strategic partner, we hope to enable customers to realize the potential of application driven security automation, help ensure continuous compliance and reduce the attack surface in their Data Centers” said Henrik Skovfoged, System Engineering Director, Conscia A/S. About Cisco DevNet SolutionsPlus Program DevNet Solutions Plus 2.0 places a select set of “Cisco Compatible” products on the Cisco Systems price list, making it faster for customers to order non-Cisco products from Cisco sales teams and channel partners. Products in Cisco DevNet Solutions Plus 2.0 complement and augment Cisco’s advanced technology products. Cisco DevNet Solutions Plus 2.0 vendors are also part of the Cisco® Solution Partner Program. About AlgoSec The leading provider of business-driven network security management solutions, AlgoSec helps the world’s largest organizations align security with their mission-critical business processes. With AlgoSec, users can discover, map and migrate business application connectivity, proactively analyze risk from the business perspective, tie cyber-attacks to business processes and intelligently automate network security changes with zero touch – across their cloud, SDN and on-premise networks. Over 1,800 enterprises , including 20 of the Fortune 50, have utilized AlgoSec’s solutions to make their organizations more agile, more secure and more compliant – all the time. Since 2005, AlgoSec has shown its commitment to customer satisfaction with the industry’s only money-back guarantee .All product and company names herein may be trademarks of their registered owners. Media Contacts: Tsippi [email protected] Craig CowardContext Public [email protected] +44 (0)1625 511 966

Explore Algosec's customer success stories to see how organizations worldwide improve security, compliance, and efficiency with our solutions. Leading Life Insurance Company Ensures Security and Compliance Organization Life Insurance Industry Financial Services Headquarters Texas, USA Download case study Share Customer
success stories "AlgoSec worked right out of the box. We got started quickly and never looked back.” A leading insurance provider of life, disability and other benefits for individuals increases efficiency and ensures continuous compliance on their networks. Background This life insurance company provides insurance and wealth-management products and services to millions of Americans. The company employs thousands of people and maintains a network of several thousand financial representatives. They offer a wide range of insurance products and services that include life insurance, disability income insurance, annuities, investments, dental and vision. Challenges For decades, the company operated a large and growing data center in Bethlehem, PA which they recently transferred to Dallas, TX. During and since the transfer, the company has been replacing much of its multi-vendor network infrastructure, consolidating on Cisco Firepower technology, but still maintaining vestiges of other routers, firewalls and network equipment. At the new data center, the company’s IT staff maintains more than 100 firewalls that host some 10,000 rules. The company’s network security engineer described the considerable pressure on the security staff: “Change requests are frequent, 25-30 per week, demanding considerable time and effort by the security team.” Due to the presence of firewalls from multiple vendors, change requests were analyzed manually and pushed to devices with great care so as not to interrupt the operation of a rapidly growing body of applications. “The change–request process was tedious and very time consuming,” declared the engineer. “as was the pressure to maintain a strong compliance posture at all times.” The company is subject to a litany of demanding insurance-industry regulations that concern the care of personal information and processes. Managing risk is critical to the success of the business and being able to ascertain compliance with regulations is always vital. Solution The security team turned to AlgoSec to help them manage network security policy across the large data center that includes firewalls from multiple vendors. After a careful review, the security team acquired AlgoSec’s Firewall Analyzer to speed up the process of firewall change management as well as to continuously quantify the degree of compliance and level of risk. Vendor-agnostic AlgoSec Firewall Analyzer delivers visibility and analysis of complex network security policies across on–premise and cloud networks. It automates and simplifies security operations including troubleshooting, auditing and risk analysis. Firewall Analyzer optimizes the configuration of firewalls, routers, web proxies and related network infrastructure to ensure security and compliance. Results After a very short installation and learning period, the security staff became proficient at operating Firewall Analyzer’s helpful capabilities. Soon thereafter, staff members undertook AlgoSec certification courses to become experts in using the solution for firewall analysis. “AlgoSec worked right out of the box,” said the engineer. “We got started quickly and never looked back.” The AlgoSec solution has significantly improved processes, delivering significantly improved results for their security team: Reduced time to analyze and optimize firewall rules, automatically checking for shadow rules and discovering other rules eligible for consolidation or deletion. Continual optimization of firewall rules across their entire network estate. Increased efficiency of security staff, enabling them to keep up with the volume of change requests. Accelerated and more accurate change verification. Audit-readiness, generating scheduled and on-demand compliance reports. The security staff looks forward to implementing AlgoSec FireFlow (AFF), that will enable them to push changes automatically to their population of firewalls, eliminating errors and further reducing risk. With AFF, the staff will be able to respond to changing business requirements with increased speed and agility. They added: “We are also checking out AlgoSec’s new cloud-security solution since we are migrating a growing number of applications to AWS.” Schedule time with one of our experts

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Featured Snippet A cloud security audit is a review of an organization’s cloud security environment. During an audit, the security... Cloud Security What is a Cloud Security Audit? (and How to Conduct One) Rony Moshkovich 2 min read Rony Moshkovich Short bio about author here Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur. Vitae donec tincidunt elementum quam laoreet duis sit enim. Duis mattis velit sit leo diam. Tags Share this article 6/23/23 Published Featured Snippet A cloud security audit is a review of an organization’s cloud security environment. During an audit, the security auditor will gather information, perform tests, and confirm whether the security posture meets industry standards. PAA: What is the objective of a cloud security audit? The main objective of a cloud security audit is to evaluate the health of your cloud environment, including any data and applications hosted on the cloud. PAA: What are three key areas of auditing in the cloud? From the list of “6 Fundamental Steps of a Cloud Security Audit.” Inspect the security posture Determine the attack surface Implement strict access controls PAA: What are the two types of security audits? Security audits come in two forms: internal and external. In internal audits, a business uses its resources and employees to conduct the investigation. In external audits, a third-party organization is hired to conduct the audit. PAA: How do I become a cloud security auditor? To become a cloud security auditor, you need a certification like the Certificate of Cloud Security Knowledge (CCSK) or Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP). Prior experience in IT auditing, cloud security management, and cloud risk assessment is highly beneficial. Cloud environments are used to store over 60 percent of all corporate data as of 2022. With so much data in the cloud, organizations rely on cloud security audits to ensure that cloud services can safely provide on-demand access. In this article, we explain what a cloud security audit is, its main objectives, and its benefits. We’ve also listed the six crucial steps of a cloud audit and a checklist of example actions taken during an audit. What Is a Cloud Security Audit? A cloud security audit is a review of an organization’s cloud security environment . During an audit, the security auditor will gather information, perform tests, and confirm whether the security posture meets industry standards. Cloud service providers (CSPs) offer three main types of services: Software as a Service (SaaS) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Platform as a Service (PaaS) Businesses use these solutions to store data and drive daily operations. A cloud security audit evaluates a CSP’s security and data protection measures. It can help identify and address any risks. The audit assesses how secure, dependable, and reliable a cloud environment is. Cloud audits are an essential data protection measure for companies that store and process data in the cloud. An audit assesses the security controls used by CSPs within the company’s cloud environment. It evaluates the effectiveness of the CSP’s security policies and technical safeguards. Auditors identify vulnerabilities, gaps, or noncompliance with regulations. Addressing these issues can prevent data breaches and exploitation via cybersecurity attacks. Meeting mandatory compliance standards will also prevent potentially expensive fines and being blacklisted. Once the technical investigation is complete, the auditor generates a report. This report states their findings and can have recommendations to optimize security. An audit can also help save money by finding unused or redundant resources in the cloud system. Main Objectives of a Cloud Security Audit The main objective of a cloud security audit is to evaluate the health of your cloud environment, including any data and applications hosted on the cloud. Other important objectives include: Decide the information architecture: Audits help define the network, security, and systems requirements to secure information. This includes data at rest and in transit. Align IT resources: A cloud audit can align the use of IT resources with business strategies. Identify risks: Businesses can identify risks that could harm their cloud environment. This could be security vulnerabilities, data access errors, and noncompliance with regulations. Optimize IT processes: An audit can help create documented, standardized, and repeatable processes, leading to a secure and reliable IT environment. This includes processes for system ownership, information security, network access, and risk management. Assess vendor security controls: Auditors can inspect the CSP’s security control frameworks and reliability. What Are the Two Types of Cloud Security Audits? Security audits come in two forms: internal and external. In internal audits, a business uses its resources and employees to conduct the investigation. In external audits, a third-party organization is hired to conduct the audit. The internal audit team reviews the organization’s cloud infrastructure and data. They aim to identify any vulnerabilities or compliance issues. A third-party auditor will do the same during an external audit. Both types of audits provide an objective assessment of the security posture . But internal audits are rare since there is a higher chance of prejudice during analysis. Who Provides Cloud Security Audits? Cloud security assessments are provided by: Third-party auditors: Independent third-party audit firms that specialize in auditing cloud ecosystems. These auditors are often certified and experienced in CSP security policies. They also use automated and manual security testing methods for a comprehensive evaluation. Some auditing firms extend remediation support after the audit. Cloud service providers: Some cloud platforms offer auditing services and tools. These tools vary in the depth of their assessments and the features they provide to fix problems. Internal audit teams: Many organizations use internal audit teams. These teams assess the controls and processes using CSPM tools . They provide recommendations for improving security and mitigating risks. Why Cloud Security Audits Are So Important Here are eight ways in which security audits of cloud services are performed: Identify security risks: An audit can identify potential security risks. This includes weaknesses in the cloud infrastructure, apps, APIs, or data. Recognizing and fixing these risks is critical for data protection. Ensure compliance: Audits help the cloud environment comply with regulations like HIPAA, PCI DSS, and ISO 27001. Compliance with these standards is vital for avoiding legal and financial penalties. Optimize cloud processes: An audit can help create efficient processes using fewer resources. There is also a decreased risk of breakdowns or malfunctions. Manage access control: Employees constantly change positions within the company or leave. With an audit, businesses can ensure that everyone has the right level of access. For example, access is completely removed for former employees. Auditing access control verifies if employees can safely log in to cloud systems. This is done via two-step authentication, multi-factor authentication, and VPNs. Assess third-party tools: Multi-vendor cloud systems include many third-party tools and API integrations. An audit of these tools and APIs can check if they are safe. It can also ensure that they do not compromise overall security. Avoid data loss: Audits help companies identify areas of potential data loss. This could be during transfer or backup or throughout different work processes. Patching these areas is vital for data safety. Check backup safety: Cloud vendors offer services to back up company data regularly. An audit of backup mechanisms can ensure they are performed at the right frequency and without any flaws. Proactive risk management: Organizations can address potential risks before they become major incidents. Taking proactive action can prevent data breaches, system failures, and other incidents that disrupt daily operations. Save money: Audits can help remove obsolete or underused resources in the cloud. Doing this saves money while improving performance. Improve cloud security posture: Like an IT audit, a cloud audit can help improve overall data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. How Is a Cloud Security Audit Conducted? The exact audit process varies depending on the specific goals and scope. Typically, an independent third party performs the audit. It inspects a cloud vendor’s security posture. It assesses how the CSP implements security best practices and whether it adheres to industry standards. It also evaluates performance against specific benchmarks set before the audit. Here is a general overview of the audit process: Define the scope: The first step is to define the scope of the audit. This includes listing the CSPs, security controls, processes, and regulations to be assessed. Plan the audit: The next step is to plan the audit. This involves establishing the audit team, a timeline, and an audit plan. This plan outlines the specific tasks to be performed and the evaluation criteria. Collect information: The auditor can collect information using various techniques. This includes analytics and security tools, physical inspections, questioning, and observation. Review and analyze: The auditor reviews all the information to evaluate the security posture. Create an audit report: An audit report summarizes findings and lists any issues. It is presented to company management at an audit briefing. The report also provides actions for improvement. Take action: Companies form a team to address issues in the audit report. This team performs remediation actions. The audit process could take 12 weeks to complete. However, it could take longer for businesses to complete the recommended remediation tasks. The schedule may be extended if a gap analysis is required. Businesses can speed up the audit process using automated security tools . This software quickly provides a unified view of all security risks across multiple cloud vendors. Some CSPs, like Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure, also offer auditing tools. These tools are exclusive to each specific platform. The price of a cloud audit varies based on its scope, the size of the organization, and the number of cloud platforms. For example, auditing one vendor could take four or five weeks. But a complex web with multiple vendors could take more than 12 weeks. 6 Fundamental Steps of a Cloud Security Audit Six crucial steps must be performed in a cloud audit: 1. Evaluate security posture Evaluate the security posture of the cloud system . This includes security controls, policies, procedures, documentation, and incident response plans. The auditor can interview IT staff, cloud vendor staff, and other stakeholders to collect evidence about information systems. Screenshots and paperwork are also used as proof. After this process, the auditor analyzes the evidence. They check if existing procedures meet industry guidelines, like the ones provided by Cloud Security Alliance (CSA). 2. Define the attack surface An attack surface includes all possible points, or attack vectors, through which unauthorized users can access and exploit a system. Since cloud solutions are so complex, this can be challenging. Organizations must use cloud monitoring and observability technologies to determine the attack surface. They must also prioritize high-risk assets and focus their remediation efforts on them. Auditors must identify all the applications and assets running within cloud instances and containers. They must check if the organization approves these or if they represent shadow IT. To protect data, all workloads within the cloud system must be standardized and have up-to-date security measures. 3. Implement robust access controls Access management breaches are a widespread security risk. Unauthorized personnel can get credentials to access sensitive cloud data using various methods. To minimize security issues related to unauthorized access, organizations must: Create comprehensive password guidelines and policies Mandate multi-factor authentication (MFA) Use the Principle of Least Privilege Access (PoLP) Restrict administrative rights 4. Strict data sharing standards Organizations must install strong standards for external data access and sharing. These standards dictate how data is viewed and accessed in shared drives, calendars, and folders. Start with restrictive standards and then loosen up restrictions when necessary. External access should not be provided to files and folders containing sensitive data. This includes personally identifiable information (PII) and protected health information (PHI). 5. Use SIEM Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems can collect cloud logs in a standardized format. This allows editors to access logs and automatically generates reports necessary for different compliance standards. This helps organizations maintain compliance with industry security standards. 6. Automate patch management Regular security patches are crucial. However, many organizations and IT teams struggle with patch management. To create an efficient patch management process, organizations must: Focus on the most crucial patches first Regularly patch valuable assets using automation Add manual reviews to the automated patching process to ensure long-term security How Often Should Cloud Security Audits Be Conducted? As a general rule of thumb, audits are conducted annually or biannually. But an audit should also be performed when: Mandated by regulatory standards. For example, Level 1 businesses must pass at least one audit per year to remain PCI DSS compliant. There is a higher risk level. Organizations storing sensitive data may need more frequent audits. There are significant changes to the cloud environment. Ultimately, the frequency of audits depends on the organization’s specific needs. The Major Cloud Security Audit Challenges Here are some of the major challenges that organizations may face: Lack of visibility Cloud infrastructures can be complex with many services and applications across different providers. Each cloud vendor has their own security policies and practices. They also provide limited access to operational and forensic data required for auditing. This lack of transparency prevents auditors from accessing pertinent data. To gather all relevant data, IT operations staff must coordinate with CSPs. Auditors must also carefully choose test cases to avoid violating the CSP’s security policies. Encryption Data in the cloud is encrypted using two methods — internal or provider encryption. Internal or on-premise encryption is when organizations encrypt data before it is transferred to the cloud. Provider encryption is when the CSP handles encryption. With on-premise encryption, the primary threat comes from malicious internal actors. In the latter method, any security breach of the cloud provider’s network can harm your data. From an auditing standpoint, it is best to encrypt data and manage encryption keys internally. If the CSP handles the encryption keys, auditing becomes nearly impossible. Colocation Many cloud providers use the same physical systems for multiple user organizations. This increases the security risk. It also makes it challenging for auditors to inspect physical locations. Organizations should use cloud vendors that use mechanisms to prevent unauthorized data access. For example, a cloud vendor must prevent users from claiming administrative rights to the entire system. Lack of standardization Cloud environments have ever-increasing entities for auditors to inspect. This includes managed databases, physical hosts, virtual machines (VMs), and containers. Auditing all these entities can be difficult, especially when there are constant changes to the entities. Standardized procedures and workloads help auditors identify all critical entities within cloud systems. Cloud Security Audit Checklist Here is a cloud security audit checklist with example actions taken for each general control area: The above list is not all-inclusive. Each cloud environment and process involved in auditing it is different. Industry Standards To Guide Cloud Security Audits Industry groups have created security standards to help companies maintain their security posture. Here are the five most recognized standards for cloud compliance and auditing: CSA Security, Trust, & Assurance Registry (STAR): This is a security assurance program run by the CSA. The STAR program is built on three fundamental techniques: CSA’s Cloud Control Matrix (CCM) Consensus Assessments Initiative Questionnaire (CAIQ) CSA’s Code of Conduct for GDPR Compliance CSA also has a registry of CSPs who have completed a self-assessment of their security controls. The program includes guidelines that can be used for cloud audits. ISO/IEC 27017:2015: The ISO/IEC 27017:2015 are guidelines for information security controls in cloud computing environments. ISO/IEC 27018:2019: The ISO/IEC 27018:2019 provides guidelines for protecting PII in public cloud computing environments. MTCS SS 584: Multi-Tier Cloud Security (MTCS) SS 584 is a cloud security standard developed by the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) of Singapore. The standard has guidelines for CSPs on information security controls.Cloud customers and auditors can use it to evaluate the security posture of CSPs. CIS Foundations Benchmarks: The Center for Internet Security (CIS) Foundations Benchmarks are guidelines for securing IT systems and data. They help organizations of all sizes improve their security posture. Final Thoughts on Cloud Security Audits Cloud security audits are crucial for ensuring your cloud systems are secure and compliant. This is essential for data protection and preventing cybersecurity attacks. Auditors must use modern monitoring and CSPM tools like Prevasio to easily identify vulnerabilities in multi-vendor cloud environments. This software leads to faster audits and provides a unified view of all threats, making it easier to take relevant action. FAQs About Cloud Security Audits How do I become a cloud security auditor? To become a cloud security auditor, you need certification like the Certificate of Cloud Security Knowledge (CCSK) or Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP). Prior experience in IT auditing, cloud security management, and cloud risk assessment is highly beneficial. Other certifications like the Certificate of Cloud Auditing Knowledge (CCAK) by ISACA and CSA could also help. In addition, knowledge of security guidelines and compliance frameworks, including PCI DSS, ISO 27001, SOC 2, and NIST, is also required. 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In the previous parts of our blog ( part I and part II ), we have described the most important parts of the Sunburst backdoor... Cloud Security Sunburst Backdoor, Part III: DGA & Security Software Rony Moshkovich 2 min read Rony Moshkovich Short bio about author here Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur. Vitae donec tincidunt elementum quam laoreet duis sit enim. Duis mattis velit sit leo diam. Tags Share this article 12/22/20 Published In the previous parts of our blog ( part I and part II ), we have described the most important parts of the Sunburst backdoor functionality and its Domain Generation Algorithm (DGA). This time, let’s have a deeper look into the passive DNS requests reported by Open-Source Context and Zetalytics . The valid DNS requests generated by the malware fall into 2 groups: DNS requests that encode a local domain name DNS requests that encode data The first type of DNS requests allows splitting long domain names into separate requests. These requests are generated by the malware’s functions GetPreviousString() and GetCurrentString() . In general, the format of a DNS request that encodes a domain name may look like: USER_ID.NUM.COMPUTER_DOMAIN[.]appsync-api.us-west-2[.]avsvmcloud[.]com where: USER_ID is an 8-byte user ID that uniquely identifies a compromised host, encoded as a 15-character string NUM is a number of a domain name – either 0 or 1, encoded as a character COMPUTER_DOMAIN is an encoded local computer domain Let’s try decoding the following 3 DNS requests: olc62cocacn7u2q22v02eu.appsync-api.us-west-2.avsvmcloud.com r1qshoj05ji05ac6eoip02jovt6i2v0c.appsync-api.us-west-2.avsvmcloud.com lt5ai41qh5d53qoti3mkmc0.appsync-api.us-west-2.avsvmcloud.com String 1 Let’s start from the 1st string in the list: olc62cocacn7u2q22v02eu.appsync-api.us-west-2.avsvmcloud.com. In this string, the first 15-character string is an encoded USER_ID : “olc62cocacn7u2q” . Once it is base-64 decoded, as explained in the previous post, it becomes a 9-byte byte array: 86 7f 2f be f9 fb a3 ae c4 The first byte in this byte array is a XOR key: 0x86 . Once applied to the 8 bytes that follow it, we get the 8-byte user ID – let’s take a note and write it down, we will need it later: f9 a9 38 7f 7d 25 28 42 Next, let’s take the NUM part of the encoded domain: it’s a character “2” located at the position #15 (starting from 0) of the encrypted domain. In order to decode the NUM number, we have to take the first character of the encrypted domain, take the reminder of its division by 36 , and subtract the NUM ‘s position in the string “0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz” : num = domain[0] % 36 – “0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz”.IndexOf(domain.Substring(15, 1)); The result is 1 . That means the decrypted domain will be the 2nd part of a full domain name. The first part must have its NUM decoded as 0. The COMPUTER_DOMAIN part of the encrypted domain is “2v02eu” . Once decoded, using the previously explained method, the decoded computer domain name becomes “on.ca” . String 2 Let’s decode the second passive DNS request from our list: r1qshoj05ji05ac6eoip02jovt6i2v0c.appsync-api.us-west-2.avsvmcloud.com Just as before, the decoded 8-byte user ID becomes: f9 a9 38 7f 7d 25 28 42 The NUM part of the encoded domain, located at the position #15 (starting from 0), is a character “6” . Let’s decode it, by taking the first character ( “r” = 114 ), take the reminder of its division by 36 ( 114 % 36 = 6 ), and subtracting the position of the character “6” in the “0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz” , which is 6 . The result is 0 . That means the decrypted domain will be the 1st part of the full domain name. The COMPUTER_DOMAIN part of the encrypted domain is “eoip02jovt6i2v0c” . Once decoded, it becomes “city.kingston.” Next, we need to match 2 decrypted domains by the user ID, which is f9 a9 38 7f 7d 25 28 42 in both cases, and concatenate the first and the second parts of the domain. The result will be “city.kingston.on.ca” . String 3 Here comes the most interesting part. Lets try to decrypt the string #3 from our list of passive DNS requests: lt5ai41qh5d53qoti3mkmc0.appsync-api.us-west-2.avsvmcloud.com The decoded user ID is not relevant, as the decoded NUM part is a number -29 . It’s neither 0 nor 1 , so what kind of domain name that is? If we ignore the NUM part and decode the domain name, using the old method, we will get “thx8xb” , which does not look like a valid domain name. Cases like that are not the noise, and are not some artificially encrypted artifacts that showed up among the DNS requests. This is a different type of DNS requests. Instead of encoding local domain names, these types of requests contain data. They are generated by the malware’s function GetNextStringEx() . The encryption method is different as well. Let’s decrypt this request. First, we can decode the encrypted domain, using the same base-64 method, as before . The string will be decoded into 14 bytes: 7c a5 4d 64 9b 21 c1 74 a6 59 e4 5c 7c 7f Let’s decode these bytes, starting from the 2nd byte, and using the first byte as a XOR key. We will get: 7c d9 31 18 e7 5d bd 08 da 25 98 20 00 03 In this array, the bytes marked in yellow are an 8-byte User ID, encoded with a XOR key that is selected from 2 bytes marked in red. Let’s decode User ID: for ( int i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++) { bytes[i + 1 ] ^= bytes[ 11 - i % 2 ]; } The decoded byte array becomes: 7c f9 a9 38 7f 7d 25 28 42 25 98 20 00 03 The User ID part in marked in yellow. Does it look familiar? Indeed, it’s the same User ID we’ve seen before, when we decoded “city.kingston.on.ca” . The next 3 bytes marked in red are: 25 98 20 . 2 0x59820 The first number 2 stands for the size of data that follows – this data is 00 03 (selected in green). The number 0x59820 , or 366,624 in decimal, is a timestamp. It’s a number of 4-second periods of time since 1 January 2010. To obtain the real time stamp, we need to multiple it by 15 to get minutes, then add those minutes to 1 January 2010: var date = ( new DateTime( 2010 , 1 , 1 , 0 , 0 , 0 , DateTimeKind.Utc)).AddMinutes(timestamp * 15 ); For the number 0x59820 , the time stamp becomes 16 July 2020 12:00:00 AM – that’s the day when the DNS request was made. The remaining 2 bytes, 00 03 , encrypt the state of 8 security products, to indicate whether each one of them is running or whether it is stopped. The 8 security products are: Windows Live OneCare / Windows Defender Windows Defender Advanced Threat Protection Microsoft Defender for Identity Carbon Black CrowdStrike FireEye ESET F-Secure 2 states for 8 products require 2 * 8 = 16 bits = 2 bytes. The 2 bytes 00 03 in binary form are: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 11 Here, the least-significant bits 11 identify that the first product in the list, Windows Live OneCare / Windows Defender, is reported as ‘running’ ( 1 ) and as ‘stopped’ ( 1 ). Now we know that apart from the local domain, the trojanised SolarWinds software running on the same compromised host on “city.kingston.on.ca” domain has also reported the status of the Windows Defender software. What Does it Mean? As explained in the first part of our description, the malware is capable of stopping the services of security products, be manipulating registry service keys under Administrator account. It’s likely that the attackers are using DNS queries as a C2 channel to first understand what security products are present. Next, the same channel is used to instruct the malware to stop/deactivate these services, before the 2nd stage payload, TearDrop Backdoor, is deployed. Armed with this knowledge, let’s decode other passive DNS requests, printing the cases when the compromised host reports a running security software. NOTES: As a private case, if the data size field is 0 or 1 , the timestamp field is not followed with any data. Such type of DNS request is generated by the malware’s function GetNextString() . It is called ‘a ping’ in the listing below. If the first part of the domain name is missing, the recovered domain name is pre-pended with ‘*’ . The malware takes the time difference in minutes, then divides it by 30 and then converts the result from double type to int type; as a result of such conversion, the time stamps are truncated to the earliest half hour. 2D82B037C060515C SFBALLET Data: Windows Live OneCare / Windows Defender [running] 11/07/2020 12:00:00 AM Pings: 12/07/2020 12:30:00 AM 70DEE5C062CFEE53 ccscurriculum.c Data: ESET [running] 17/04/2020 4:00:00 PM Pings: 20/04/2020 5:00:00 PM AB902A323B541775 mountsinai.hospital Pings: 4/07/2020 12:30:00 AM 9ACC3A3067DC7FD5 *ripta.com Data: ESET [running] 12/09/2020 6:30:00 AM Pings: 13/09/2020 7:30:00 AM 14/09/2020 9:00:00 AM CB34C4EBCB12AF88 DPCITY.I7a Data: ESET [running] 26/06/2020 5:00:00 PM Pings: 27/06/2020 6:30:00 PM 28/06/2020 7:30:00 PM 29/06/2020 8:30:00 PM 29/06/2020 8:30:00 PM E5FAFE265E86088E *scroot.com Data: CrowdStrike [running] 25/07/2020 2:00:00 PM Pings: 26/07/2020 2:30:00 PM 26/07/2020 2:30:00 PM 27/07/2020 3:00:00 PM 27/07/2020 3:00:00 PM 426030B2ED480DED *kcpl.com Data: Windows Live OneCare / Windows Defender [running] 8/07/2020 12:00:00 AM Carbon Black [running] 8/07/2020 12:00:00 AM Full list of decoded pDNS requests can be found here . 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