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Avishai Wool, CTO at AlgoSec, analyses the recent Facebook outage and the risks all organizations face in network configuration Social... Cyber Attacks & Incident Response The Facebook outage and network configuration Prof. Avishai Wool 2 min read Prof. Avishai Wool Short bio about author here Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur. Vitae donec tincidunt elementum quam laoreet duis sit enim. Duis mattis velit sit leo diam. Tags Share this article 10/6/21 Published Avishai Wool, CTO at AlgoSec, analyses the recent Facebook outage and the risks all organizations face in network configuration Social media giant Facebook was involved in a network outage on the 4th October 2021 that lasted for nearly six hours and took its sister platforms Instagram and WhatsApp offline. As the story developed, it became apparent that the incident was caused by a configuration issue within Facebook’s BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), one of the systems that the internet uses to get your traffic where it needs to go as quickly as possible. The outage also cut off the company’s internal communications, along with authentication to third-party services including Google and Zoom. Some reports suggested security passes went offline, which stopped engineers from entering the building to physically reset the data center. The impact was felt worldwide, with Downdetector recording more than 10 million problem reports, the largest number for one single incident. Facebook released an official statement following the outage stating: “Our engineering teams learned that configuration changes on the backbone routers that coordinate network traffic between our data centers caused issues that interrupted this communication.” While Facebook has assured its users that no data has been lost in this process, the outage is a stark reminder of how small configuration errors can have huge, far-reaching consequences. The fundamentals of application availability At the fundamental level, Facebook suffered from a lack of application availability. When a change was actioned, it caused a major chain reaction that ultimately wiped Facebook and its related services from the internet because they couldn’t see the entire lifecycle of that change and the impact it would have. To avoid an incident like this in the future, organizations should consider a few simple steps: Back up configuration files to allow for rollbacks should an issue arise Use a test system alongside live processes to run scenarios without causing any disruptions Retain low-tech alternatives to guarantee access to the network if the primary route fails The outages across Facebook’s infrastructure highlight the operational risks all organizations face around faulty configuration changes which can drastically impact application availability. Intelligent automation, thorough change management and proactive checks are key to avoid these outages. Schedule a demo Related Articles 2025 in review: What innovations and milestones defined AlgoSec’s transformative year in 2025? AlgoSec Reviews Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Navigating Compliance in the Cloud AlgoSec Cloud Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read 5 Multi-Cloud Environments Cloud Security Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Speak to one of our experts Speak to one of our experts Work email* First name* Last name* Company* country* Select country... Short answer* By submitting this form, I accept AlgoSec's privacy policy Schedule a call

Ensuring your cloud environment is secure and compliant with industry practices is critical. Cloud security best practices will help you... Cloud Security 16 Best Practices for Cloud Security (Complete List for 2023) Rony Moshkovich 2 min read Rony Moshkovich Short bio about author here Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur. Vitae donec tincidunt elementum quam laoreet duis sit enim. Duis mattis velit sit leo diam. Tags Share this article 4/27/23 Published Ensuring your cloud environment is secure and compliant with industry practices is critical. Cloud security best practices will help you protect your organization’s data and applications. In the process, reduce the risks of security compromise. This post will walk you through the best practices for cloud security. We’ll also share the top cloud security risks and how to mitigate them. The top 5 security risks to cloud computing right now Social engineering. Social engineering attackers use psychological deception to manipulate users into providing sensitive information. These deception tactics may include phishing, pretexting, or baiting. Account compromise. An account compromise occurs when an attacker obtains unauthorized entry to it. A hacker can access your account when you use weak passwords or steal your credentials. They may introduce malware or steal your files once they access your account. Shadow IT. This security risk occurs when your employee uses hardware or software that the IT department does not approve. It may result in compliance problems, data loss, and a higher risk of cyberattacks. Insider activity (unintentional or malicious) . Insider activity occurs when approved users damage your company’s data or network. These users can either do it purposefully or accidentally on-premises. For example, you may disclose private information unintentionally or steal data on purpose. Insecure APIs . APIs make communication easier for cloud services and other software applications. Insecure APIs can allow unauthorized access to sensitive data. This could, in turn, lead to malicious attacks, such as data theft. The attackers could also do illegal data alteration from data centers. 16 best practices for cloud security Establish zero-trust architecture Use role-based access control Monitor suspicious activity Monitor privileged users Encrypt data in motion and at rest Investigate shadow IT applications Protect Endpoints Educate employees about threats Create and enforce a password policy Implement multi-factor authentication Understand the shared responsibility model m Audit IaaS configurations Review SLAs and contracts. Maintaining logs and monitoring Use vulnerability and penetration testing Consider intrusion detection and prevention One of the most critical areas of cloud security is identity and access management. We will also discuss sensitive data protection, social engineering attacks, cloud deployments, and incident response. Best practices for managing access. Access control is an integral part of cloud network security. It restricts who can access cloud services, what they can do with the data, and when. Here are some of the best practices for managing access: Establish zero-trust architecture Zero-trust architecture is a security concept that treats all traffic in or out of your network as untrusted. It considers that every request may be malicious. So you must verify your request, even if it originates from within the network. You can apply zero-trust architecture by dividing the system into smaller, more secure cloud zones. And then enforce strict access policies for each zone. This best practice will help you understand who accesses your cloud services. You’ll also know what they do with your data resources. Use role-based access control Role-based access control allows you to assign users different access rights based on their roles. This method lessens the chances of giving people unauthorized access privileges. It also simplifies the administration of access rights. RBAC also simplifies upholding the tenet of least privilege. It restricts user permission to only the resources they need to do their jobs. This way, users don’t have excessive access that attackers could exploit. Monitor suspicious activity Monitoring suspicious behavior involves tracking and analyzing user activity in a cloud environment. It helps identify odd activities, such as user accounts accessing unauthorized data. You should also set up alerts for suspicious activities. Adopting this security strategy will help you spot security incidents early and react quickly. This best practice will help you improve your cloud functionality. It will also protect your sensitive data from unwanted access or malicious activities. Monitor privileged users Privileged users have high-level access rights and permissions. They can create, delete and modify data in the cloud environment. You should consider these users as a huge cybersecurity risk. Your privileged users can cause significant harm if they get compromised. Closely watch these users’ access rights and activity. By doing so, you’ll easily spot misuse of permissions and avert data breaches. You can also use privileged access management systems (PAS) to control access to privileged accounts. Enforcing security certifications also helps privileged users avoid making grievous mistakes. They’ll learn the actions that can pose a cybersecurity threat to their organization. Best practices for protecting sensitive data Safeguarding sensitive data is critical for organizational security. You need security measures to secure the cloud data you store, process and transfer. Encrypt data in motion and at rest Encrypting cloud data in transit and at rest is critical to data security. When you encrypt your data, it transforms into an unreadable format. So only authorized users with a decryption key can make it readable again. This way, cybercriminals will not access your sensitive data. To protect your cloud data in transit, use encryption protocols like TSL and SSL. And for cloud data at rest, use powerful encryption algorithms like AES and RSA. Investigate shadow IT applications Shadow IT apps can present a security risk as they often lack the same level of security as sanctioned apps. Investigating Shadow IT apps helps ensure they do not pose any security risks. For example, some staff may use cloud storage services that are insecure. If you realize that, you can propose sanctioned cloud storage software as a service apps like Dropbox and Google Drive. You can also use software asset management tools to monitor the apps in your environment. A good example is the SaaS solution known as Flexera software asset management. Protect Endpoints Endpoints are essential in maintaining a secure cloud infrastructure. They can cause a huge security issue if you don’t monitor them closely. Computers and smartphones are often the weakest points in your security strategy. So, hackers target them the most because of their high vulnerability. Cybercriminals may then introduce ransomware into your cloud through these endpoints. To protect your endpoints, employ security solutions like antimalware and antivirus software. You could also use endpoint detection and response systems (EDRs) to protect your endpoints from threats. EDRs use firewalls as a barrier between the endpoints and the outside world. These firewalls will monitor and block suspicious traffic from accessing your endpoints in real time. Best practices for preventing social engineering attacks Use these best practices to protect your organization from social engineering attacks: Educate employees about threats Educating workers on the techniques that attackers use helps create a security-minded culture. Your employees will be able to detect malicious attempts and respond appropriately. You can train them on deception techniques such as phishing, baiting, and pretexting. Also, make it your policy that every employee takes security certifications on a regular basis. You can tell them to report anything they suspect to be a security threat to the IT department. They’ll be assured that your security team can handle any security issues they may face. Create and enforce a password policy A password policy helps ensure your employees’ passwords are secure and regularly updated. It also sets up rules everyone must follow when creating and using passwords. Some rules in your password policy can be: Setting a minimum password length when creating passwords. No reusing of passwords. The frequency with which to change passwords. The characteristics of a strong password. A strong password policy safeguards your cloud-based operations from social engineering assaults. Implement multi-factor authentication Multi-factor authentication adds an extra layer of security to protect the users’ accounts. This security tool requires users to provide extra credentials to access their accounts. For example, you may need a one-time code sent via text or an authentication app to log into your account. This extra layer of protection reduces the chances of unauthorized access to accounts. Hackers will find it hard to steal sensitive data even if they have your password. In the process, you’ll prevent data loss from your cloud platform. Leverage the multifactor authentication options that public cloud providers usually offer. For example, Amazon Web Services (AWS) offers multifactor authentication for its users. Best practices for securing your cloud deployments. Your cloud deployments are as secure or insecure as the processes you use to manage them. This is especially true for multi-cloud environments where the risks are even higher. Use these best practices to secure your cloud deployments: Understand the shared responsibility model The shared responsibility model is a concept that drives cloud best practices. It states that cloud providers and customers are responsible for different security aspects. Cloud service providers are responsible for the underlying infrastructure and its security. On the other hand, customers are responsible for their apps, data, and settings in the cloud. Familiarize yourself with the Amazon Web Services (AWS) or Microsoft Azure guides. This ensures you’re aware of the roles of your cloud service provider. Understanding the shared security model will help safeguard your cloud platform. Audit IaaS configurations Cloud deployments of workloads are prone to misconfigurations and vulnerabilities. So it’s important to regularly audit your Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) configurations. Check that all IaaS configurations align with industry best practices and security standards. Regularly check for weaknesses, misconfigurations, and other security vulnerabilities. This best practice is critical if you are using a multi-cloud environment. The level of complexity arises, which in turn increases the risk of attacks. Auditing IaaS configurations will secure your valuable cloud data and assets from potential cyberattacks. Review SLAs and contracts. Reviewing SLAs and contracts is a crucial best practice for safeguarding cloud installations. It ensures that all parties know their respective security roles. You should review SLAs to ensure cloud deployments meet your needs while complying with industry standards. Examining the contracts also helps you identify potential risks, like data breaches. This way, you prepare elaborate incident responses. Best practices for incident response Cloud environments are dynamic and can quickly become vulnerable to cyberattacks. So your security/DevOps team should design incident response plans to resolve potential security incidents. Here are some of the best practices for incident response: Maintaining logs and monitoring Maintaining logs and monitoring helps you spot potential cybersecurity threats in real time. In the process, enable your security to respond quickly using the right security controls. Maintaining logs involves tracking all the activities that occur in a system. In your cloud environment, it can record login attempts, errors, and other network activity. Monitoring your network activity lets you easily spot a breach’s origin and damage severity. Use vulnerability and penetration testing Vulnerability assessment and penetration testing can help you identify weaknesses in your cloud. These tests mimic attacks on a company’s cloud infrastructure to find vulnerabilities that cybercriminals may exploit. Through automation, these security controls can assist in locating security flaws, incorrect setups, and other weaknesses early. You can then measure the adequacy of your security policies to address these flaws. This will let you know if your cloud security can withstand real-life incidents. Vulnerability and penetration testing is a crucial best practice for handling incidents in cloud security. It may dramatically improve your organization’s overall security posture. Consider intrusion detection and prevention Intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) are essential to a robust security strategy. Intrusion detection involves identifying potential cybersecurity threats in your network. Through automation, intrusion detection tools monitor your network traffic in real-time for suspicious activity. Intrusion prevention systems (IPS) go further by actively blocking malicious activity. These security tools can help prevent any harm by malware attacks in your cloud environment. The bottom line on cloud security. You must enforce best practices to keep your cloud environment secure. This way, you’ll lower the risks of cyberattacks which can have catastrophic results. A CSPM tool like Prevasio can help you enforce your cloud security best practices in many ways. It can provide visibility into your cloud environment and help you identify misconfigurations. Prevasio can also allow you to set up automated security policies to apply across the entire cloud environment. This ensures your cloud users abide by all your best practices for cloud security. So if you’re looking for a CSPM tool to help keep your cloud environment safe, try Prevasio today! Schedule a demo Related Articles 2025 in review: What innovations and milestones defined AlgoSec’s transformative year in 2025? AlgoSec Reviews Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Navigating Compliance in the Cloud AlgoSec Cloud Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read 5 Multi-Cloud Environments Cloud Security Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Speak to one of our experts Speak to one of our experts Work email* First name* Last name* Company* country* Select country... Short answer* By submitting this form, I accept AlgoSec's privacy policy Schedule a call

The Business benefits of application centric zero trust E-BOOK Download PDF Schedule time with one of our experts Schedule time with one of our experts Work email* First name* Last name* Company* country* Select country... Short answer* By submitting this form, I accept AlgoSec's privacy policy Continue

Explore Algosec's customer success stories to see how organizations worldwide improve security, compliance, and efficiency with our solutions. Leading Energy Company Embraces Network Security Policy Automation Organization Energy Company Industry Utilities & Energy Headquarters California, USA Download case study Share Customer
success stories "We can demonstrate that the firewalls meet our standards." Fortune 50-listed energy company cleans up hundreds of firewall rules, gains continuous compliance. Background The customer is one of the world’s leading integrated energy companies. Through its worldwide subsidiaries, the company is involved in virtually every facet of the energy industry. The company explores for, produces and transports crude oil and natural gas; refines, markets and distributes transportation fuels and lubricants; manufactures and sells petrochemicals and additives; generates power; and develops and deploys technologies that enhance business value in every aspect of the company’s operations. They are listed on the Fortune 50 and a component of the S&P 100. The Challenge The customer has over 900 firewalls throughout the world, including in several remote sites. Some of their challenges included: Overly broad firewall policies Risky firewall rules Pressure from legal and compliance teams Manual processes and difficulty implementing automation Lack of visibility into security policies throughout the network “Before AlgoSec, we didn’t manage our firewalls very well,” stated Jeremy Haynes, a Solution Architect at the energy company. “We did not have a good enforcement and validation tool to verify that policies were accurate and did not introduce unacceptable risk.” The Solution The company was in the process of migrating from their previous firewall vendor to Palo Alto Networks. They used the opportunity for a fresh start to clean up and optimize their security policies. They were searching for a solution that provided: Automation of firewall policy management Identification of layer 7 (application-based) policies Innovative features that aligned with their strategic goals Strong support for Palo Alto Networks firewalls Following an in-depth evaluation, the company selected AlgoSec’s Security Policy Management Solution, which includes AlgoSec Firewall Analyzer (AFA) and AlgoSec FireFlow (AFF). AlgoSec Firewall Analyzer ensures security and compliance by providing visibility and analysis into complex network security policies. AlgoSec FireFlow improves security and saves security staffs’ time by automating the entire security policy change process, eliminating manual errors, and reducing risk. The Results By using the AlgoSec Security Management Solution, the company was able to clean up risky firewall policies, reduce misconfigurations, and dedicate more workers to business-driven innovation instead of security policy maintenance. Some benefits gained include: Compliance with internal requirements Ability to map out their network and maintain network segmentation Less time needed to maintain firewall policies Easier time managing hundreds of firewalls spread out worldwide AlgoSec enabled their network segmentation initiatives. By mapping their network, and determining what zones should communicate with each other, they were able to fix existing policies that broke segmentation rules and not break segmentation policies in the future. This helped ensure a state of continuous compliance. “AlgoSec gives us an easy to read and present view of firewall compliance. This helps our business units ensure their policies are clean. We can also demonstrate that the firewalls connected to our network, but owned by other business units, meet our standards,” according to Haynes. They have over 1,700 change requests daily and therefore automation is crucial. “The ability to work with Ansible, ServiceNow, and Palo Alto gives us the ability to automate our firewall policy creation. It does so in a manner where we do not have to worry about a policy being created that may put our organization at risk,” continued Haynes. AlgoSec helps the company to not only quickly deploy firewall policies but also ensure the security of the business. “We want to make sure our money-making capabilities can conduct their business with minimal impact and do their job. The ROI for us is our great assurance in the security of our firewall policies,” concluded Haynes. Schedule time with one of our experts

Update : Next two parts of the analysis are available here and here . As earlier reported by FireEye, the actors behind a global... Cloud Security Sunburst Backdoor: A Deeper Look Into The SolarWinds’ Supply Chain Malware Rony Moshkovich 2 min read Rony Moshkovich Short bio about author here Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur. Vitae donec tincidunt elementum quam laoreet duis sit enim. Duis mattis velit sit leo diam. Tags Share this article 12/15/20 Published Update : Next two parts of the analysis are available here and here . As earlier reported by FireEye, the actors behind a global intrusion campaign have managed to trojanise SolarWinds Orion business software updates in order to distribute malware. The original FireEye write-up already provides a detailed description of this malware. Nevertheless, as the malicious update SolarWinds-Core-v2019.4.5220-Hotfix5.msp was still available for download for hours since the FireEye’s post, it makes sense to have another look into the details of its operation. The purpose of this write-up is to provide new information, not covered in the original write-up. Any overlaps with the original description provided by FireEye are not intentional. For start, the malicious component SolarWinds.Orion.Core.BusinessLayer.dll inside the MSP package is a non-obfuscated .NET assembly. It can easily be reconstructed with a .NET disassembler, such as ILSpy , and then fully reproduced in C# code, using Microsoft Visual Studio. Once reproduced, it can be debugged to better understand how it works. In a nutshell, the malicious DLL is a backdoor. It is loaded into the address space of the legitimate SolarWinds Orion process SolarWinds.BusinessLayerHost.exe or SolarWinds.BusinessLayerHostx64.exe . The critical strings inside the backdoor’s class SolarWinds.Orion.Core.BusinessLayer.OrionImprovementBusinessLayer are encoded with the DeflateStream Class of the .NET’s System.IO.Compression library, coupled with the standard base64 encoder. Initialisation Once loaded, the malware checks if its assembly file was created earlier than 12, 13, or 14 days ago. The exact number of hours it checks is a random number from 288 to 336. Next, it reads the application settings value ReportWatcherRetry . This value keeps the reporting status, and may be set to one of the states: New (4) Truncate (3) Append (5) When the malware runs the first time, its reporting status variable ReportWatcherRetry is set to New (4) . The reporting status is an internal state that drives the logic. For example, if the reporting status is set to Truncate , the malware will stop operating by first disabling its networking communications, and then disabling other security tools and antivirus products. In order to stay silent, the malware periodically falls asleep for a random period of time that varies between 30 minutes and 2 hours. At the start, the malware obtains the computer’s domain name . If the domain name is empty, the malware quits. It then generates a 8-byte User ID, which is derived from the system footprint. In particular, it is generated from MD5 hash of a string that consists from the 3 fields: the first or default operational (can transmit data packets) network interface’s physical address computer’s domain name UUID created by Windows during installation (machine’s unique ID) Even though it looks random, the User ID stays permanent as long as networking configuration and the Windows installation stay the same. Domain Generation Algorithm The malware relies on its own CryptoHelper class to generate a domain name. This class is instantiated from the 8-byte User ID and the computer’s domain name, encoded with a substitution table: “rq3gsalt6u1iyfzop572d49bnx8cvmkewhj” . For example, if the original domain name is “ domain “, its encoded form will look like: “ n2huov “. To generate a new domain, the malware first attempts to resolve domain name “ api.solarwinds.com “. If it fails to resolve it, it quits. The first part of the newly generated domain name is a random string, produced from the 8-byte User ID, a random seed value, and encoded with a custom base64 alphabet “ph2eifo3n5utg1j8d94qrvbmk0sal76c” . Because it is generated from a random seed value, the first part of the newly generated domain name is random. For example, it may look like “ fivu4vjamve5vfrt ” or “ k1sdhtslulgqoagy “. To produce the domain name, this string is then appended with the earlier encoded domain name (such as “ n2huov “) and a random string, selected from the following list: .appsync-api.eu-west-1[.]avsvmcloud[.]com .appsync-api.us-west-2[.]avsvmcloud[.]com .appsync-api.us-east-1[.]avsvmcloud[.]com .appsync-api.us-east-2[.]avsvmcloud[.]com For example, the final domain name may look like: fivu4vjamve5vfrtn2huov[.]appsync-api.us-west-2[.]avsvmcloud[.]com or k1sdhtslulgqoagyn2huov[.]appsync-api.us-east-1[.]avsvmcloud[.]com Next, the domain name is resolved to an IP address, or to a list of IP addresses. For example, it may resolve to 20.140.0.1 . The resolved domain name will be returned into IPAddress structure that will contain an AddressFamily field – a special field that specifies the addressing scheme. If the host name returned in the IPAddress structure is different to the queried domain name, the returned host name will be used as a C2 host name for the backdoor. Otherwise, the malware will check if the resolved IP address matches one of the patterns below, in order to return an ‘address family’: IP Address Subnet Mask ‘Address Family’ 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 Atm 172.16.0.0 255.240.0.0 Atm 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 Atm 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 Atm fc00:: fe00:: Atm fec0:: ffc0:: Atm ff00:: ff00:: Atm 41.84.159.0 255.255.255.0 Ipx 74.114.24.0 255.255.248.0 Ipx 154.118.140.0 255.255.255.0 Ipx 217.163.7.0 255.255.255.0 Ipx 20.140.0.0 255.254.0.0 ImpLink 96.31.172.0 255.255.255.0 ImpLink 131.228.12.0 255.255.252.0 ImpLink 144.86.226.0 255.255.255.0 ImpLink 8.18.144.0 255.255.254.0 NetBios 18.130.0.0 255.255.0.0 NetBios 71.152.53.0 255.255.255.0 NetBios 99.79.0.0 255.255.0.0 NetBios 87.238.80.0 255.255.248.0 NetBios 199.201.117.0 255.255.255.0 NetBios 184.72.0.0 255.254.0.0 NetBios For example, if the queried domain resolves to 20.140.0.1 , it will match the entry in the table 20.140.0.0 , for which the returned ‘address family’ will be ImpLink . The returned ‘address family’ invokes an additional logic in the malware. Disabling Security Tools and Antivirus Products If the returned ‘address family’ is ImpLink or Atm , the malware will enumerate all processes and for each process, it will check if its name matches one of the pre-defined hashes. Next, it repeats this processed for services and for the drivers installed in the system. If a process name or a full path of an installed driver matches one of the pre-defined hashes, the malware will disable it. For hashing, the malware relies on Fowler–Noll–Vo algorithm. For example, the core process of Windows Defender is MsMpEng.exe . The hash value of “ MsMpEng ” string is 5183687599225757871 . This value is specifically enlisted the malware’s source under a variable name timeStamps : timeStamps = new ulong[1] { 5183687599225757871uL } The service name of Windows Defender is windefend – the hash of this string ( 917638920165491138 ) is also present in the malware body. As a result, the malicioius DLL will attempt to stop the Windows Defender service. In order to disable various security tools and antivirus products, the malware first grants itself SeRestorePrivilege and SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege privileges, using the native AdjustTokenPrivileges() API. With these privileges enabled, the malware takes ownership of the service registry keys it intends to manipulate. The new owner of the keys is first attempted to be explicitly set to Administrator account. If such account is not present, the malware enumerates all user accounts, looking for a SID that represents the administrator account. The malware uses Windows Management Instrumentation query “ Select * From Win32_UserAccount ” to obtain the list of all users. For each enumerated user, it makes sure the account is local and then, when it obtains its SID, it makes sure the SID begins with S-1-5- and ends with -500 in order to locate the local administrator account. Once such account is found, it is used as a new owner for the registry keys, responsible for manipulation of the services of various security tools and antivirus products. With the new ownership set, the malware then disables these services by setting their Start value to 4 (Disabled): registryKey2.SetValue(“Start”), 4, RegistryValueKind.DWord); HTTP Backdoor If the returned ‘address family’ for the resolved domain name is NetBios , as specified in the lookup table above, the malware will initialise its HttpHelper class, which implements an HTTP backdoor. The backdoor commands are covered in the FireEye write-up, so let’s check only a couple of commands to see what output they produce. One of the backdoor commands is CollectSystemDescription . As its name suggests, it collects system information. By running the code reconstructed from the malware, here is an actual example of the data collected by the backdoor and delivered to the attacker’s C2 with a separate backdoor command UploadSystemDescription : 1. %DOMAIN_NAME% 2. S-1-5-21-298510922-2159258926-905146427 3. DESKTOP-VL39FPO 4. UserName 5. [E] Microsoft Windows NT 6.2.9200.0 6.2.9200.0 64 6. C:\WINDOWS\system32 7. 0 8. %PROXY_SERVER% Description: Killer Wireless-n/a/ac 1535 Wireless Network Adapter #2 MACAddress: 9C:B6:D0:F6:FF:5D DHCPEnabled: True DHCPServer: 192.168.20.1 DNSHostName: DESKTOP-VL39FPO DNSDomainSuffixSearchOrder: Home DNSServerSearchOrder: 8.8.8.8, 192.168.20.1 IPAddress: 192.168.20.30, fe80::8412:d7a8:57b9:5886 IPSubnet: 255.255.255.0, 64 DefaultIPGateway: 192.168.20.1, fe80::1af1:45ff:feec:a8eb NOTE: Field #7 specifies the number of days (0) since the last system reboot. GetProcessByDescription command will build a list of processes running on a system. This command accepts an optional argument, which is one of the custom process properties enlisted here . If the optional argument is not specified, the backdoor builds a process list that looks like: [ 1720] svchost [ 8184] chrome [ 4732] svchost If the optional argument is specified, the backdoor builds a process list that includes the specified process property in addition to parent process ID, username and domain for the process owner. For example, if the optional argument is specified as “ ExecutablePath “, the GetProcessByDescription command may return a list similar to: [ 3656] sihost.exe C:\WINDOWS\system32\sihost.exe 1720 DESKTOP-VL39FPO\UserName [ 3824] svchost.exe C:\WINDOWS\system32\svchost.exe 992 DESKTOP-VL39FPO\UserName [ 9428] chrome.exe C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe 4600 DESKTOP-VL39FPO\UserName Other backdoor commands enable deployment of the 2nd stage malware. For example, the WriteFile command will save the file: using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write)) { fileStream.Write(array, 0, array.Length); } The downloaded 2nd stage malware can then the executed with RunTask command: using (Process process = new Process()) { process.StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo(fileName, arguments) { CreateNoWindow = false, UseShellExecute = false }; if (process.Start()) … Alternatively, it can be configured to be executed with the system restart, using registry manipulation commands, such as SetRegistryValue . Schedule a demo Related Articles 2025 in review: What innovations and milestones defined AlgoSec’s transformative year in 2025? AlgoSec Reviews Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Navigating Compliance in the Cloud AlgoSec Cloud Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read 5 Multi-Cloud Environments Cloud Security Mar 19, 2023 · 2 min read Speak to one of our experts Speak to one of our experts Work email* First name* Last name* Company* country* Select country... Short answer* By submitting this form, I accept AlgoSec's privacy policy Schedule a call

Explore Algosec's customer success stories to see how organizations worldwide improve security, compliance, and efficiency with our solutions. Discovery Streamlines Firewall Audits And Simplifies The Change Workflow Organization Discovery Industry Financial Services Headquarters Johannesberg, South Africa Download case study Share Customer
success stories "With AlgoSec we can now get, in a click of a button, what took two to three weeks per firewall to produce manually" Background Discovery Limited is a South African-founded financial services organization that operates in the healthcare, life assurance, short-term insurance, savings and investment products and wellness markets. Founded in 1992, Discovery was guided by a clear core purpose — to make people healthier and to enhance and protect their lives. Underpinning this core purpose is the belief that through innovation, Discovery can be a powerful market disruptor. The company, with headquarters in Johannesburg, South Africa, has expanded its operations globally and currently serves over 4.4 million clients across South Africa, the United Kingdom, the United States, China, Singapore and Australia.Operating in the highly regulated insurance and health sectors, Discovery monitors its compliance with international privacy laws and security criteria, includingPCI-DSS globally, Sarbanes-Oxley and HIPAA in the US, the Data Protection Act in the UK, and South Africa’s Protection of Personal Information Act. Challenge During its early years, the company managed its firewalls through an internally developed, legacy system which offered very limited visibility into the change request process.“We grew faster than anyone expected,” says Marc Silver, Security Manager at Discovery. “We needed better visibility into what changes were requested to which firewall, for what business need and also to ensure proper risk analysis.”Discovery’s growth necessitated a rapid increase in the number of firewalls deployed, and the corresponding ruleset sizes. The time required to audit them grew by orders of magnitude, ultimately taking up to three weeks per firewall. The IT Security team of four engineers recognized that it needed a fresh approach to manage risk and ensure compliance. Solution Discovery chose the AlgoSec Security Management Solution to deliver automated, comprehensive firewall operations, risk analysis and change management. Silver states that compared to AlgoSec’s competitors, “AlgoSec has a more tightly integrated change control, and is easier to manage. Another big advantage is how it finds unused rules and recommends rule consolidations,” says Silver.AlgoSec’s integration with Request Tracker (RT) change management system was also important in Discovery’s selection of a security management solution. “We use RT for our internal ticketing system, and the stability of AlgoSec’s integration with RT met our requirements. AlgoSec’s visual workflow is clear, easy to understand and more mature than the others we evaluated,” adds Silver. Results Since implementing AlgoSec, Discovery has found its security audits running more effectively. Discovery relies on AlgoSec’s built-in compliance reports to address Sarbanes-Oxley, HIPAA, PCI-DSS, and other national and international regulatory requirements. “Every year internal auditors would take our entire rulesets for each firewall pair and tell us where we needed to make improvements. AlgoSec now allows us to submit an automated report to our auditing team. It tells them what our security state is, and what needs to be remediated. The total process used to take three months. Now, in a click of a button, we can get what took two to three weeks per firewall to produce manually,” says Silver.Discovery has also found an unexpected advantage: “AlgoSec tells us what rules are in use and what rules are not. For one firewall, we were able to remove 30,000 rules. A firewall with 500,000 rules isn’t going to cope as well as one with 100,000 rules. By optimizing our devices, AlgoSec saves us money in the long term by enabling us to delay upgrading to a larger firewall,” adds Silver.In conclusion, Silver states that “Now we can see what is and isn’t happening in our security system. It has made a much bigger impact than we thought it would. With AlgoSec’s policy optimization, and the time we save on compliance, AlgoSec has given us a much stronger competitive edge than we had six months ago.” Schedule time with one of our experts

Protect and manage hybrid network environments with effective security strategies, ensuring seamless integration, visibility, and compliance across diverse infrastructures. Securing & managing hybrid network security Overview Across cloud, SDN, on-premises and anything in between – one platform to manage it all. Making changes was easy with on-premises data centers. Your applications were secured behind lock and key, guarded by physical firewalls in easily-accessible locations. Today, your network doesn’t just live in one place. There are multiple public clouds and private clouds in addition to on-premises network devices. Security controls are a “black box” and your application connectivity crosses multiple borders. This complexity makes it difficult for organizations to securely accelerate application connectivity across their entire network. Schedule a Demo Main Challenges of Hybrid Cloud Security IT and Security staff find it difficult to maintain hybrid network security and deliver application connectivity due to: Lack of network and application visibility – Struggling with visibility into their network’s security policies and associated applications. Understanding the network structures and application flow paths is a challenge. Manual and siloed compliance process – The security audit process is manual. Documentation requirements are complex. Getting a complete view of the compliance status of the entire network is difficult. Audits are point-in-time but regulations require continuous compliance. Potential for network risks – Difficulty in identifying risky rules, such as unused, duplicate, overlapping, or expired rules, and understanding which applications may be impacted. Removing the wrong rule may lead to a data breach or outage. Complex manual change processes – Making changes to application connectivity is slow. Assessing the risk of changes is difficult, yet misconfigurations can cause outages and disrupt business. Changes involve teams speaking different languages with different objectives. Schedule a Demo Key Business Benefits Securely deliver applications faster. Enhance visibility across your entire hybrid network. Ensure changes adhere to internal and regulatory standards. Manage security posture and reduce configuration risks. Process network security policy changes in minutes not days. Avoid errors, rework, and application outages. Schedule a Demo AlgoSec Advantages Visibility into the applications on your network, so you can request changes at the application level. Unified view of the entire on-premises and multi-cloud estate from a single console. Manage multiple layers of security controls and proactively detect misconfigurations. Minimize the attack surface by identifying risks and helping to mitigate them. Match network policy risks to your applications to better understand the impact and prioritize remediation. Identify unused security rules so you have the confidence to remove them. Schedule a Demo Manage the Entire Hybrid Security Environment The AlgoSec platform helps organizations securely accelerate application delivery by automating application connectivity and security policy across the hybrid network estate, including public cloud, private cloud, containers, and on-premises networks. Enable application visibility — Get a full network map of your entire hybrid network security estate. Ensure application discovery across your entire estate and identify your application dependencies. Manage next-generation security policies and cloud security groups alongside traditional firewalls. Get instant visibility of your cloud assets and security controls. Pinpoint and troubleshoot network connectivity issues. Mitigate risks and detect misconfigurations – Easily identify risky security policy rules, the assets and applications they expose, and whether they are in use. Proactively detect misconfigurations to protect cloud assets, including cloud instances, databases, and serverless functions. Achieve continuous compliance – On-going monitoring of multi-cloud and hybrid cloud network-security configuration changes to avoid compliance violations. Identify which applications introduce compliance risk. Automated and audit-ready compliance reports for major global regulations and internal standards. Automate changes intelligently – Cut application delivery bottlenecks with intelligent application change automation. Using zero-touch automation, security policies can be automated from implementation all the way through validating that the changes work exactly as intended. Migrate applications easily – Simplify the complex process of migrating business applications by automatically discovering, mapping, and migrating connectivity configurations with firewalls and security groups. Identify flows serving your applications and track them to security policy. This makes it possible to enable network provisioning as part of your cloud migration. Schedule a Demo About AlgoSec AlgoSec, a global cybersecurity leader, empowers organizations to securely accelerate application delivery by automating application connectivity and security policy, anywhere. The AlgoSec platform enables the world’s most complex organizations to gain visibility, reduce risk, and process changes at zero-touch across the hybrid network. Over 1,800 of the world’s leading organizations trust AlgoSec to help secure their most critical workloads across public cloud, private cloud, containers, and on-premises networks, while taking advantage of almost two decades of leadership in Network Security Policy Management. See what securely accelerating your digital transformation, move-to-cloud, infrastructure modernization, or micro-segmentation initiatives looks like at www.algosec.com . Let's start your journey to our business-centric network security. Schedule a Demo Select a size Overview Main Challenges of Hybrid Cloud Security Key Business Benefits AlgoSec Advantages Manage the Entire Hybrid Security Environment About AlgoSec Get the latest insights from the experts Choose a better way to manage your network

Palo Alto and AlgoSec Joint Solution Brief Download PDF Schedule time with one of our experts Schedule time with one of our experts Work email* First name* Last name* Company* country* Select country... Short answer* By submitting this form, I accept AlgoSec's privacy policy Continue

Driving Security Through Observability: Transforming Application Risk into Resilience WhitePaper Download PDF Schedule time with one of our experts Schedule time with one of our experts Work email* First name* Last name* Company* country* Select country... Short answer* By submitting this form, I accept AlgoSec's privacy policy Continue

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Webinars Cloud migrations made simpler: Safe, Secure and Successful Migrations Migrating applications to the cloud – without creating security holes, application outages or violating compliance – is within reach! In this webinar, Avivi Siman-Tov, Director of Product at AlgoSec, will guide you how to simplify and accelerate large-scale complex application migration projects. The webinar will cover: Why organizations choose to migrate their applications to the cloud What is required in order to move the security portion of your application and how long it may take Challenges and solutions to lower the cost, better prepare for the migration and reduce the risks involved How to deliver unified security policy management across the hybrid cloud environment October 28, 2020 Avivi Siman Tov Director of Product Relevant resources Cloud atlas: how to accelerate application migrations to the cloud Keep Reading A 3 Layered Approach to Application Migration Download (Multiligual) Migrating Application Connectivity to the Cloud Keep Reading CouchTalk: Software Defined Networks (SDN) – Migration, Security and Management Watch Video Choose a better way to manage your network Choose a better way to manage your network Work email* First name* Last name* Company* country* Select country... Short answer* By submitting this form, I accept AlgoSec's privacy policy Continue